renal

    Cards (62)

    • What is the primary function of the kidneys?
      Filtration of waste products through urine
    • What are the three processes involved in urine formation?
      Filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
    • What is the basic filtering unit of the kidney?
      The nephron
    • What does each nephron do?
      Filters blood to remove waste and extra water
    • What essential substances does the nephron reabsorb?
      Glucose, salts, and water
    • What are the sections of the nephron and their functions?
      • Bowman's Capsule: Filters blood
      • Proximal convoluted tubule: Reabsorbs nutrients
      • Loop of Henle: Concentrates urine
      • Distal convoluted tubule: Regulates electrolytes
      • Collecting ducts: Final urine concentration
    • How do the kidneys maintain fluid balance?
      By filtering blood and controlling urine output
    • What happens when the body needs to conserve water?
      The kidneys increase water reabsorption
    • What is the effect of excess fluid on urine output?
      More water is excreted, producing dilute urine
    • What electrolytes are filtered and reabsorbed by the kidneys?
      • Sodium
      • Potassium
      • Calcium & Phosphate
      • Chloride
    • What role does aldosterone play in electrolyte balance?
      It tells kidneys to retain more sodium
    • How do kidneys manage potassium levels?
      Aldosterone helps excrete extra potassium
    • How do kidneys balance calcium and phosphate?
      With help from parathyroid hormone (PTH)
    • What is the function of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the kidneys?
      Increases calcium reabsorption and phosphate excretion
    • What is the role of chloride in the renal system?
      Helps with fluid balance and blood pressure
    • What are the structures of the renal system?
      • Ureters: Transport urine to bladder
      • Bladder: Reservoir for urine
      • Urethra: Transports urine outside body
    • What is the function of the ureters?
      Transport urine from kidney to bladder
    • What is the function of the bladder?
      Acts as a reservoir for urine
    • What does the urethra do?
      Transports urine from bladder to outside
    • What is urea?
      A waste product excreted in urine
    • Who are the authors of the reference material?
      Nair and Peate, Waugh and Grant
    • What is the title of the reference by Nair and Peate?
      Fundamentals of Applied Pathophysiology
    • What is the title of the reference by Waugh and Grant?
      Ross and Wilson Anatomy & Physiology
    • What edition is the Waugh and Grant reference?
      12th edition
    • What is the publisher of the Waugh and Grant reference?
      Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier Ltd
    • What is the publisher of the Nair and Peate reference?
      Wiley-Blackwell, John Wiley & Sons
    • What is the location of the Nair and Peate reference's publication?
      West Sussex
    • What is the location of the Waugh and Grant reference's publication?
      UK
    • What is the course code for the renal system study material?
      NRS 4012
    • What is the first learning outcome related to the renal system?
      Outline fundamental anatomical structure
    • What is the second learning outcome related to the renal system?
      Apply anatomical and physiological knowledge
    • What is the third learning outcome related to the renal system?
      Apply knowledge of human development
    • What is the fourth learning outcome related to the renal system?
      Know how to support people with health conditions
    • What is the fifth learning outcome related to the renal system?
      Support people with physical health conditions
    • What is the aim of the session on the renal system?
      Recap from flipped learning
    • What is the weight of a kidney?
      Approximately 150g
    • What are the dimensions of a kidney?
      1. 11cm long, 6cm wide, 3cm thick
    • What are the three distinct regions inside the kidney?
      Renal cortex, renal medulla, renal pelvis
    • What is the role of the renal cortex?
      Outer region of the kidney
    • What is the role of the renal medulla?
      Inner region of the kidney
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