Vibrio

• What type of bacteria are Vibrio and other diarrhea-causing bacilli?

  Gram negative bacilli
• What family do Enteric Gram negative bacilli belong to?

  Enterobacteriaceae
• What media can Gram negative bacilli grow on?

  MAC, EMB, BAP, CAP
• What does a pink color on MAC indicate?

  It indicates a lactose fermenter
• What does a yellow colorless appearance on MAC indicate?

  It indicates a non-fermenter
• Why are MAC and EMB considered selective media?

  They inhibit growth of gram-positive organisms
• What is the significance of Enterics being glucose fermenters?

  It helps identify them in tests
• What is the oxidase test result for Enterics?

  Oxidase negative
• What distinguishes non-Enterics like Vibrio and Aeromonas?

  They are oxidase positive
• What family does Aeromonas belong to?

  Aeromonadaceae
• What is the growth characteristic of Vibrio in terms of motility?

  Majority are motile bacilli
• What is the oxidase test result for Vibrio?

  Oxidase positive
• What type of environments do Vibrio species thrive in?

  High salt concentrations
• What is the significance of TCBS agar?

  It is selective for isolating Vibrio
• What does a yellow colony on TCBS indicate?

  Sucrose fermenters (V. cholerae)
• What does a blue-green colony on TCBS indicate?

  Non-sucrose fermenters (V. parahaemolyticus)
• What is the reaction of V. cholerae on Lysine Iron Agar (LIA)?

  K/K reaction (alkaline slant/alkaline butt)
• What is the reaction of V. cholerae on Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSI)?

  A/A reaction (acid/acid)
• What are the biotypes of Vibrio cholerae based on physiological characteristics?

  Classic and El Tor
• What is the virulence factor of V. cholerae responsible for its pathology?

  Choleragen toxin
• What is the main route of transmission for V. cholerae?

  Ingestion of contaminated water
• What are the symptoms of cholera infection?

  Severe diarrhea and electrolyte loss
• What is the significance of the CTX gene in V. cholerae?

  It codes for choleragen toxin
• What is the mainstay treatment for cholera?

  Oral and IV hydration
• What is the vaccine for cholera called?

  Vaxchora
• What is the Kanagawa phenomenon associated with?

  Double zone of hemolysis in WAGATSUMA agar
• What type of infections does V. vulnificus cause?

  Wound infections and septicemia
• What is the primary disease caused by Aeromonas?

  Pediatric diarrhea
• What is the significance of the String Test?

  It helps identify Vibrio species
• What is the motility characteristic of Aeromonas?

  Motile with polar flagella
• What type of hemolysis is most common in Aeromonas on BAP?

  Beta-hemolytic
• What is the primary habitat of Aeromonas?

  Aquatic environments
• What type of infections can Aeromonas cause?

  Cellulitis and wound infections
• What is the significance of the Cary-Blair transport media?

  It preserves rectal swab samples
• What is the Gram stain characteristic of Vibrio?

  Gram negative curved bacilli
• What is the motility characteristic of Vibrio?

  Darting or shooting star motility
• What is the result of the Cholera Red Reaction?

  Positive red reaction
• What is the significance of the growth on TCBS for Vibrio?

  It indicates sucrose fermentation
• What is the primary cause of diarrhea associated with cholera?

  Hypersecretion due to choleragen toxin
• What is the role of mucinase in Vibrio?

  Breaks down mucous or mucin