exam

• What is the key concept related to cell structure and organization?


  Systems should have various forms of organization.
• What does the statement of inquiry suggest about systems?

  Adaptation is based on organizational function.
• What are the objectives related to cell structure and organization?

  • Explore cell structures using a microscope.
  • Identify key parts like nucleus and cell membrane.
  • Understand photomicrographs.
• How can plant tissue be cut for microscope slides?

  Using a razor blade for easy cutting.
• What is the purpose of soaking animal tissue in melted wax?

  To make it easier to cut the tissue.
• What are the three methods of preparing microscope slides?

  Making sections, squashing, and chemical treatment.
• What does cytoplasm look like under a light microscope?

  Thick liquid with particles in it.
• What is the liquid part of cytoplasm primarily composed of?

  About 90% water with salts and sugars.
• What are organelles suspended in the cytoplasm responsible for?

  Performing various functions within the cell.
• What role do enzymes play in the cytoplasm?

  Control chemical reactions to keep the cell alive.
• What is the function of the cell membrane?

  Controls substances entering and leaving the cell.
• What does the nucleus regulate in the cell?

  Chemical changes by controlling enzyme production.
• What structures are found inside the nucleus?

  Chromosomes, which contain DNA.
• How do plant cells differ from animal cells regarding cell walls?

  Plant cells have a cell wall made of cellulose.
• What is the function of the vacuole in plant cells?

  Maintains firmness by pushing cytoplasm against cell wall.
• What are plastids and where are they found?

  Organelles in plant cells, not in animal cells.
• What do chloroplasts contain and what is their function?

  Contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis.
• How does the cytoplasm appear under an electron microscope?

  Organized into a complex system of membranes.
• What is the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum?

  Produces, transports, and stores proteins.
• What are mitochondria responsible for?

  Producing energy from food through respiration.
• What is the structure of bacterial cell walls made of?

  A complex mixture of proteins, sugars, and lipids.
• What is the shape of individual bacteria?

  Spherical, rod-shaped, or spiral.
• What do viruses consist of?

  A core of RNA or DNA surrounded by a protein coat.
• What happens to most cells after they finish dividing?

  They become specialized for specific functions.
• What is cell specialization and its significance?

  • Cells perform specific jobs.
  • Develop distinct shapes.
  • Enable division of labor in organisms.
• What is the process called when embryonic cells become specialized?

  Differential gene expression.
• Why is cell differentiation important?

  Creates diversity and unique structures for functions.
• What do all cells of an organism share?

  An identical genome with genetic instructions.
• What activates different instructions in a cell for differentiation?

  Chemical signals activate different genes.
• What type of organisms have differentiated cells?

  Multicellular eukaryotes.
• What is the role of specialized cells in multicellular organisms?

  Form tissues, organs, and organ systems.
• What is the organization of multicellular organisms?

  • Cells form tissues.
  • Tissues form organs.
  • Organs form organ systems.
  • Organ systems carry out life functions.
• What is cell differentiation?

  • Process where cells become specialized.
  • Involves activation of different genes.
  • Critical for development and function.
• Comprehensive Exam


  A comprehensive assessment that tests student knowledge and understanding across an entire course or curriculum