Biomolecules

    Cards (33)

    • What is the monosaccharide general formula
      Cn(H2O)n
    • what is an isomer?
      molecules that have the same chemical formula but differ in the arrangement of their atoms bonds
    • what are the two classifications of carbohydrates
      sugars and polysaccharides
    • what are the two classifications of sugars
      monosaccharides and disaccharides
    • what are the three monosaccharide sugars (single sugar units )
      -glucose
      -fructose
      -galactose
    • what are the three disaccharide sugars (double sugar units )
      -sucrose
      -maltose
      -lactose
    • what are the two uses of polysaccharides
      storage and structural
    • what are the storage polysaccharides
      glycogen- animal
      starch- plant
    • what are the two structural polysaccharides
      cellulose- cell wall
      chitin- exoskeleton of arthropods
    • what is the structure of glucose in solution
      in solution glucose exist in ring form
    • what are the two isomers of glucose
      alpha glucose and beta glucose
    • what is the structure of alpha glucose
      :
    • What is the simple structure of beta glucose
      :
    • how are maltose formed
      maltose are formed through the condensation reaction of two alpha glucose
    • diagram of the formation of maltose
      :
    • what is the byproduct of the formation of maltose
      the reaction releases a molecule of water as an byproduct
    • what type of bonded is formed in the formation of maltose
      the reaction forms a glycosidic bond between the two molecules of alpha glucose
    • what is maltose
      a disaccharide formed when two alpha glucose molecules are covalently bonded together
    • what is maltose formed of
      maltose = glucose+glucose
    • what is lactose formed of
      Lactose= glucose+galactose
    • what is sucrose formed of
      sucrose= glucose+fructose
    • what are polysaccharides
      polysaccharides are large polymers of monosaccharides
      -multi sugars
      -unsweet
      -insoluble
    • what isomer of glucose are glycogen and starch
      alpha glucose
    • what isomer of glucose is cellulose
      beta glucose
    • what is starch
      starch is a polymer of alpha glucose and a mixture of two different polysaccharides
    • what are the two polysaccharides that make up starch
      amylose and amylopectin
    • what are the characteristics of amylose
      large unbranched chains of glucose units which coil up in water to form a spiral
    • what are the characteristics of amylopectin
      highly branched polymer of glucose units. compact and insoluble in water
    • How is the structure of amylose formed
      Structure is formed when a series of condensation reactions occur that bond alpha glucose together into a long chain.
      • has many glycosidic bonds
      • chain coils into a helix
    • How is amylopectin structure formed
      Straight chain alpha glucose unity’s with branch points form when carbon 6 of a glucose molecule forms a glycosidic bond with carbon 1 of a glucose molecule above the chain.
    • how do amylose and amylopectin interact to form the final starch molecule
      highly branched amylopectin molecule is wrapped around amylose to make up final starch molecule
    • what is the equipment needed for the biochemical test for carbohydrates
      • Benedict’s reagent
      • Iodine
      • Dilute hydrochloric acid
      • Sodium hydrogen carbonate
      • Spatula
      • Starch solution
      • Glucose solution
      • Sucrose solution
      • Spotting tile
      • Test tubes
      • Pasteur pipettes
      • Water bath 90•c
    • what is the test for starch
      1. place sample in spotting tile
      2. add few drops of iodine solution
      3. observe colour changes and record
      4. red brown to blue black is a positive result
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