molecules that have thesamechemicalformula but differ in thearrangementoftheiratomsbonds
what are the two classifications of carbohydrates
sugars and polysaccharides
what are the two classifications of sugars
monosaccharides and disaccharides
what are the three monosaccharide sugars (single sugar units )
-glucose
-fructose
-galactose
what are the three disaccharide sugars (double sugar units )
-sucrose
-maltose
-lactose
what are the two uses of polysaccharides
storage and structural
what are the storage polysaccharides
glycogen- animal
starch- plant
what are the two structural polysaccharides
cellulose- cell wall
chitin- exoskeleton of arthropods
what is the structure of glucose in solution
in solution glucose exist in ring form
what are the two isomers of glucose
alpha glucose and beta glucose
what is the structure of alpha glucose
:
What is the simple structure of beta glucose
:
how are maltose formed
maltose are formed through the condensation reaction of two alpha glucose
diagram of the formation of maltose
:
what is the byproduct of the formation of maltose
the reaction releases a molecule of water as an byproduct
what type of bonded is formed in the formation of maltose
the reaction forms a glycosidic bond between the two molecules of alpha glucose
what is maltose
a disaccharide formed when two alpha glucose molecules are covalently bonded together
what is maltose formed of
maltose = glucose+glucose
what is lactose formed of
Lactose= glucose+galactose
what is sucrose formed of
sucrose= glucose+fructose
what are polysaccharides
polysaccharides are large polymers of monosaccharides
-multisugars
-unsweet
-insoluble
what isomer of glucose are glycogen and starch
alphaglucose
what isomer of glucose is cellulose
betaglucose
what is starch
starch is a polymer of alpha glucose and a mixture of two different polysaccharides
what are the two polysaccharides that make up starch
amylose and amylopectin
what are the characteristics of amylose
large unbranched chains of glucose units which coil up in water to form a spiral
what are the characteristics of amylopectin
highly branched polymer of glucose units. compact and insoluble in water
How is the structure of amylose formed
Structure is formed when a series of condensation reactions occur that bond alphaglucose together into a long chain.
has many glycosidic bonds
chain coils into a helix
How is amylopectin structure formed
Straight chain alpha glucose unity’s with branch points form when carbon 6 of a glucose molecule forms a glycosidic bond with carbon 1 of a glucose molecule above the chain.
how do amylose and amylopectin interact to form the final starch molecule
highly branched amylopectin molecule is wrapped around amylose to make up final starch molecule
what is the equipment needed for the biochemical test for carbohydrates