P6

• Density Formula?


  Mass ÷ Volume
• What happens to particles in a solid when it gains energy?


  Particles move further apart
• What is the effect on volume when particles in a solid gain energy?

  Volume increases
• What happens to particles in a solid when it loses energy?


  Particles move closer together
• What is the effect on volume when particles in a solid lose energy?

  Volume decreases
• What happens to particle energy when they gain energy?

  They gain internal energy
• What type of energy do particles gain when they have more internal energy?

  Kinetic energy (movement energy)
• What can particles do with increased kinetic energy?

  Change state (e.g. Solid to Liquid, Liquid to Gas)
• What remains constant during a change of state?

  Mass
• What provides the energy for melting a solid?

  Heat supplied
• What happens to the heat energy when a solid is melting?

  All heat energy is used to break bonds and give particles kinetic energy
• What is internal energy in a substance?

  The total energy stored by the particles
• What is internal energy comprised of?

  Kinetic energy of particle motion and Potential energy due to particle position
• What happens to the internal energy of a substance when its temperature increases?

  Increases
• What happens to the internal energy of a substance when its temperature decreases?


  Decreases
• What happens to the particles when a solid changes to a liquid?


  They move further apart
• How does this change affect the potential energy?

  Increases because particles change position relative to each other
• What happens to the internal energy as a result?

  Increases
• What holds particles together in a substance?

  Forces of attraction
• How does the strength of forces of attraction affect the heat energy needed?


  The stronger the forces, the more heat energy needed
• What is latent heat?

  Energy required for a substance to change state without changing temperature
• What happens to energy during a change of state from liquid to solid or gas to liquid?


  Energy is released into the environment
• What is the flat bit on the cooling curve representing?

  Release of energy during change of state
• How do you calculate the energy required for a change of state?

  Energy = mass x specific latent heat
• What factors influence the energy required for a change of state?

  Mass and specific latent heat
• What is the specific latent heat called for the change of state from solid to liquid?

  Specific latent heat of fusion
• What is the specific latent heat called for the change of state from liquid to gas?

  Specific latent heat of vaporization
• What happens when gas particles collide with the walls of their container?

  They change direction, resulting in a force
• What is this force called?

  Pressure
• What units is pressure measured in?

  Pascals (Pa)
• What happens to the motion of gas particles when the temperature increases?

  They move faster
• What happens to the frequency and force of particle collisions with the container when the temperature increases?


  They collide more often and with more force
• What is the effect on pressure when the temperature of a gas increases?


  The pressure increases
• What is the relationship between pressure and temperature?

  Pressure is proportional to temperature. As temperature increases, pressure increases, and vice versa.