types of LTM

• Who proposed the three types of long-term memory?

  Endel Tulving
• What are the three types of long-term memory proposed by Tulving?

  Episodic, semantic, and procedural memory
• What does episodic memory allow us to recall?

  Specific episodes in our lives
• How are episodic memories organized compared to semantic memories?

  Episodic memories are less organized
• Can episodic memories be easily expressed verbally?

  Yes, they are declarative
• What is semantic memory linked to?

  General knowledge, ideas, and facts
• How is semantic memory organized?

  It is highly organized and interconnected
• Is semantic memory susceptible to forgetting?

  No, it is not susceptible
• What type of memory relates to the ability to perform actions or skills?

  Procedural memory
• Why are procedural memories difficult to explain verbally?

  They are non-declarative and not consciously recalled
• What does the case study evidence of amnesia support about memory stores?

  Different memory stores can be damaged independently
• What did the clinical studies of HM and Clive Wearing show?

  They had difficulty recalling past events
• How were semantic memories affected in HM and Clive Wearing?

  They were relatively unaffected
• What did Klimesch's (1999) study reveal about different types of LTM?

  They are processed differently in the brain
• What technique did Klimesch use to study LTM?

  EEG scans during memory tasks
• What did Cohen and Squire (1980) argue about episodic and semantic memories?

  They are stored together as declarative memory
• What is the distinction Cohen and Squire make regarding procedural memory?

  It is non-declarative and distinctly different
• Why is it important to define semantic and episodic memories correctly?

  It influences how memory studies are conducted
• What is a limitation of clinical evidence in memory studies?

  It may not represent all cases
• What specific issue is raised by Clive Wearing's case?

  His damage was due to a viral infection