Population

• What is population density?

  Number of people per unit area
• What factors affect population distribution?

  Physical, economic, and social factors
• What is natural increase?

  Difference between birth rate and death rate
• What causes a high birth rate?

  Lack of contraception and high infant mortality
• What causes a high death rate?

  Poor healthcare and lack of sanitation
• What is the dependency ratio?

  Ratio of dependents to working-age population
• What is migration?

  Movement of people from one place to another
• What do population pyramids show?

  Age and gender structure of a population
• What does a wide base on a population pyramid indicate?

  A high birth rate
• What does a narrow apex on a population pyramid indicate?

  A low life expectancy
• What is a pro-natalist policy?

  Encourages people to have more children
• What is an anti-natalist policy?

  Aims to reduce birth rates
• What is an example of a densely populated area?

  Ganges Valley, India
• Why is the Ganges Valley densely populated?

  Fertile soil and good water supply
• What is an example of a sparsely populated area?

  The Sahara Desert
• Why is the Sahara Desert sparsely populated?

  Extreme heat and lack of water
• What is overpopulation?

  Population exceeds available resources
• What is underpopulation?

  Population too small for resources
• What is urbanization?

  Increase in urban population proportion
• What are the positive impacts of urbanization?

  Better access to services and jobs
• What are the negative impacts of urbanization?

  Overcrowding and pollution
• What does the Demographic Transition Model (DTM) show?

  Transition of population through five stages
• What happens in Stage 1 of the DTM?

  High birth and death rates, stable population
• What characterizes Stage 5 of the DTM?

  Declining population due to low birth rates