GOP 1.4 Basic Pharm

• What is pharmacokinetics concerned with?

  Absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination
• What is the fastest route of drug administration?

  Intravenous injection
• What is the purpose of sublingual administration?

  Allows drug to enter systemic circulation quickly
• Why are lipid-soluble drugs ideal for sublingual administration?

  They avoid first-pass metabolism by the liver
• What is the role of the hepatic portal system in oral drug absorption?

  Transports drugs from the GI tract to the liver
• What are the different enteral drug forms?

  • Capsules
  • Tablets
  • Pills
  • Enteric coated/time-release capsules
  • Elixirs
  • Emulsions
  • Lozenges
  • Suspensions
  • Syrups
• What factors affect gastrointestinal absorption of drugs?

  pH, surface area, blood flow, formulation
• What is the effect of aqueous solubility on drug distribution?

  Water-soluble drugs remain in circulation
• What is the significance of plasma protein binding?

  It forms a reservoir of drug in the blood
• How does the volume of distribution (V_D) relate to drug solubility?

  Water-soluble drugs have a small V_D
• What influences the initial phase of drug distribution?

  Cardiac output and regional blood flow
• What are the phases of drug distribution based on blood flow?

  1. Heart, liver, kidney, brain: seconds to minutes
  2. Muscles, viscera, skin, fat: minutes to hours
  3. Bone: days to weeks
• What is the primary method by which insulin crosses the blood-brain barrier?

  Pinocytosis
• What happens when plasma protein binding reaches saturation?

  Free drug concentration in plasma increases sharply
• What is the theoretical volume of distribution formula?

  V_D = total amount of drug / plasma concentration
• If a drug is highly lipid soluble, what is likely about its volume of distribution?

  V_D is large
• What is the role of the kidneys in drug clearance?

  They clear water-soluble drugs from circulation
• What are the routes of parenteral drug administration?

  • Intravenous
  • Subcutaneous
  • Intramuscular
  • Inhalation
  • Topical
• What is the effect of drug ionization on lipid solubility?

  Ionized forms are generally not lipid soluble
• How does facilitated diffusion differ from active transport?

  Facilitated diffusion does not require ATP
• What is the relationship between drug absorption and plasma concentration?

  Rate of absorption affects intensity and duration
• What is the primary purpose of drug distribution?

  To deliver drugs to tissues and site of action
• What is the significance of the interstitial fluid compartment in drug distribution?

  It comprises 25% of body fluid compartments
• How does the distribution of a drug vary throughout the body?

  It does not achieve equal concentration everywhere
• What is the next session topic after distribution?

  Metabolism & elimination
• What is the recommended further reading for this topic?

  Rang and Dale’s Pharmacology 6th Edition