ionic bonding

• What does the term "ionic bonding" refer to?

  The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
• What is the significance of ionic compounds in chemistry?

  They form through the transfer of electrons
• How do ionic compounds differ from covalent compounds?


  Ionic compounds transfer electrons, covalent share them
• What are ions?

  Charged particles from atoms
• What is an example of a positive ion?

  Na⁺
• How do simple ions form?

  Atoms lose or gain electrons
• What is an example of a negative ion?

  NO₃⁻
• What are negative ions called?

  Anions
• What are positive ions called?

  Cations
• How do negative ions form?

  Atoms gain electrons
• How do positive ions form?

  Atoms lose electrons
• What is the charge of an ion if 2 electrons are lost?

  2+
• What is the charge of an ion if 3 electrons are gained?

  3-
• How do you calculate the number of protons and neutrons in an ion?

  Same as for an atom
• What is the relationship between group number and ion formation?

  • Group 1, 2, 3: Metals, lose electrons, form positive ions
  • Group 5, 6, 7: Non-metals, gain electrons, form negative ions
  • Group 1 forms 1⁺ ions
  • Group 2 forms 2⁺ ions
  • Group 3 forms 3⁺ ions
  • Group 7 forms 1⁻ ions
• What type of elements are in Group 1?

  Metals
• What type of elements are in Group 5, 6, and 7?

  Non-metals
• What do elements in the same group have in common?

  Same number of electrons in outer shell
• What charge do Group 1 elements form?

  1⁺ ions
• What charge do Group 7 elements form?

  1⁻ ions
• What charge do Group 3 elements form?

  3⁺ ions
• What happens to the number of electrons in metals from Groups 1, 2, and 3?

  They lose electrons
• What happens to the number of electrons in non-metals from Groups 5, 6, and 7?

  They gain electrons
• How do the properties of metals differ from non-metals in terms of ion formation?

  Metals lose electrons; non-metals gain electrons