P1 waves

• What do waves transfer without transferring matter?

  Energy and information
• How is frequency defined?

  The number of waves passing per second

  
• What are the units of frequency?

  Hz (hertz)

  
• What is wavelength?

  The distance between two adjacent peaks
• How is amplitude defined?

  The maximum displacement from equilibrium
• What does amplitude measure in a wave?

  The distance between the center and a peak
• What is meant by the period of a wave?

  The time for one full wave to pass
• How can you calculate wave speed?

  Wave speed = frequency × wavelength
• What is the equation linking frequency and period of a wave?

  Frequency = 1 / period

  
• What is a longitudinal wave?

  Vibrations are parallel to energy transfer
• Give examples of longitudinal waves.

  Sound waves and seismic waves
• What is a transverse wave?

  Oscillations are perpendicular to energy transfer
• Give examples of transverse waves.

  Electromagnetic waves
• What is the Doppler effect?

  Change in frequency due to motion
• What happens when a wave source moves towards an observer?

  Observed frequency increases, wavelength decreases
• What is the speed of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum?

  3 x 10⁸ m/s
• What type of waves are electromagnetic waves?

  Transverse waves
• What do electromagnetic waves transfer?

  Energy and information
• What are the four common properties of all electromagnetic waves?

  • They are transverse waves
  • They transfer energy or information
  • Travel at the speed of light
  • Can be reflected, refracted, or diffracted
• Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum has the longest wavelength?

  Radio waves
• Order the electromagnetic spectrum from highest to lowest frequency.

  Gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, microwaves, radio waves
• What are the colors of the visible light spectrum?

  Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Violet
• Which color has the highest frequency?

  Violet
• Which color has the lowest frequency?

  Red
• Which color has the lowest wavelength?

  Violet
• Which color has the highest wavelength?

  Red
• What are the uses of radio waves?

  • Communication through radio
  • Satellite transmissions
• What are microwaves used for?

  • Cooking in microwave ovens
  • Communications
  • Satellites
• Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum is used in cooking?

  Infrared
• Give examples of uses for visible light.

  • Allows us to see
  • Photography
  • Optical fibers
• What are the key characteristics of waves?

  • Waves transfer energy and information
  • Waves can be longitudinal or transverse
  • Waves have properties like frequency, wavelength, and amplitude
• What is the relationship between frequency, wavelength, and wave speed?

  • Wave speed = frequency × wavelength
  • Higher frequency means shorter wavelength
  • Lower frequency means longer wavelength

  
• What are the properties of electromagnetic waves?

  • All are transverse waves
  • All transfer energy or information
  • All travel at the speed of light in vacuum
  • All can be reflected, refracted, or diffracted
• What part of the electromagnetic spectrum is used in cooking, thermal imaging, and television remote controls?

  Infrared
• What are some examples of uses for visible light?

  Allows us to see, photography, optical fibres
• What part of the electromagnetic spectrum is used for security marking and in fluorescent lamps?

  Ultraviolet
• What are some uses of X-rays?

  Scanners at airports, medical X-ray machines
• What are the uses and disadvantages of gamma rays?

  Uses:

  • Sterilize food and medical equipment
  • Cancer diagnosis

  
  

  Disadvantages:

  • Can cause mutations or damage to body cells
  • Could lead to death
• What are the disadvantages of microwaves?

  They can cause heating of internal tissues
• Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum is used in TV remotes and can also cause skin burns?

  Infrared