Proteins

• What are proteins made from?

  • The monomers are amino acids
  • A dipeptide is formed by the condensation of two amino acids
  • A polypeptide is formed by the condensation of two or more amino acid, proteins are made up of polypeptides
• What’s an amino acid structure?


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• How are dipeptides and polypeptides formed?

  Dipeptides are formed by the condensation reaction between two amino acids, while polypeptides are formed by the condensation reaction between multiple amino acids. Bonds formed between amino acids are called peptide bonds.
• Describe the primary structure?

  Sequence of amino acids In a polypeptide chain
• Describe the secondary structure

  Hydrogen bonds form between amino acids making it coil into alpha helix or fold in beta plated sheet.
• Van der Waals interactions in tertiary structure

  Weak bonds between non-polar atoms, contributing to the protein's three-dimensional arrangement
• Hydrogen bonds in tertiary structure

  Weak bonds between non-polar atoms and molecules, playing a crucial role in protein folding and shape
• Quaternary structure


  The arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains in a protein, which can influence the protein's function.
• Symmetry in quaternary structure

  A quaternary structure can exhibit rotational or translational symmetry, or lack symmetry altogether.