11-23 Bioenergetics

• What happens to your respiration rate when you exercise?

  It increases due to higher energy needs
• Why do muscles need more oxygen during exercise?

  To meet increased energy demands
• What happens to breathing rate during exercise?

  Breathing rate increases
• What happens to heart rate when you exercise?

  Heart rate increases
• What is an oxygen debt?

  Lack of oxygen leading to anaerobic respiration
• What builds up due to oxygen debt?

  Lactic acid builds up
• How is oxygen debt paid back?

  Lactic acid is transported to the liver
• What is metabolism?

  All chemical reactions in an organism or cell
• Name an example of metabolism in the human body.

  Glucose forms starch, glycogen, or cellulose
• How are lipid molecules formed?

  From one glycerol and three fatty acids
• How are amino acids made from glucose?

  Glucose combines with nitrate ions
• What happens to glucose during respiration?

  It is broken down
• What is respiration?

  Process of transferring energy from glucose breakdown
• Name three uses of energy from respiration.

  Building larger molecules, movement, homeostasis
• What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

  Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
• What is the balanced symbol equation for aerobic respiration?

  C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O
• What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in humans?

  Glucose → lactic acid
• What is the difference between anaerobic and aerobic respiration?

  Anaerobic is without oxygen
• What is fermentation?

  Anaerobic respiration in yeast cells
• What is the word equation for fermentation?

  Glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide
• What are the uses of fermentation?

  To make bread and alcoholic drinks