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Cards (113)
What types of cells can be observed with a light microscope?
Normal cells
and possibly the
nucleus
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What advantage does an electron microscope have over a light microscope?
It allows us to see
finer details
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What are the two main groups of
cells?


Eukaryotic
and
prokaryotic
cells
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What is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?
They have a
nucleus
containing
DNA
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Where is DNA found in prokaryotic cells?
In a ring called a
plasmid
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What is the function of the cell membrane?
It keeps everything
inside
the cell
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What is the
role
of
the
cytoplasm
?

It is where most chemical reactions occur
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Where does respiration take place in a cell?
In the
mitochondria
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What is the function of ribosomes?
They assemble
proteins
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What do chloroplasts contain and what is their function?
They contain
chlorophyll
for
photosynthesis
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What is stored in the permanent vacuole of plant cells?
Sap
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How do bacteria multiply?
By
binary fission
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What technique is used to produce a culture on agar?
Aseptic
technique
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Why do we lift the lid of the dish towards a flame?
To move
microbes
away and destroy them
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What is the purpose of incubating the culture at 25°?
To allow
bacteria
to grow
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How do we calculate the area of circles in bacterial cultures?
Using
Ï€
d
2
4
\frac{\pi d^2}{4}
4
Ï€
d
2
​
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What do eukaryotic cell nuclei contain?
DNA stored in
chromosomes
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How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
23
pairs
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What are gametes and how many chromosomes do they have?
They have
23
chromosomes, not pairs
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What process do new cells undergo for growth and repair?
Mitosis
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What happens to the genetic material during mitosis?
It is
duplicated
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What forms in each new cell after mitosis?
A new
nucleus
housing copied
chromosomes
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What are stem cells?
Cells that haven't
specialized
yet
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Where are stem cells found in humans?
In
embryos
and
bone marrow
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What can stem cells be used for?
To combat conditions like
diabetes
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What is diffusion?
Movement from high to low
concentration
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What is osmosis specifically about?
The
diffusion
of water across a
membrane
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How can the rate of diffusion be increased?
By increasing
concentration difference
,
temperature
, or surface area
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What is the practical procedure for osmosis using potatoes?
Weigh, place in
sugar solutions
, and measure
mass change
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What is active transport?
Movement against a
concentration gradient
using energy
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What is a tissue?
Similar
cells
connected together
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What do organs consist of?
Different
tissues
working together
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What is the function of bile?
Neutralizes
stomach acid
and
emulsifies
fats
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What are enzymes?
Biological
catalysts
that speed up reactions
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What does amylase do?
Breaks down
starch
into
glucose
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What is the lock and key principle in enzymes?
Substrate fits into the enzyme's
active site
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What happens to enzymes at high temperatures?
They can
denature
and lose function
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What is the optimum temperature for enzyme activity?
The temperature at which the
maximum rate
occurs
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What do food tests identify?
The
nutrients
present in food
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What color does iodine turn in the presence of starch?
From
brown to
black
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See all 113 cards
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