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    Cards (117)

    • What is a compound?
      A substance with two or more different atoms bonded
    • What is the chemical formula for water?
      H2O
    • How many hydrogen atoms are in one water molecule?
      Two hydrogen atoms
    • What do we do if there's no number after a symbol in a chemical formula?
      Assume there is an invisible one
    • What must be true about the number of atoms in a chemical reaction?
      They must be the same on both sides
    • What is the first step in balancing a chemical equation?
      Start with atoms only in compounds
    • What is a mixture?
      A combination of elements and compounds not bonded
    • What is an example of a mixture?
      Air
    • How can you separate large insoluble particles from a liquid?
      Using filtration
    • What is crystallization used for?
      To separate a solute from a solvent
    • What is distillation?
      Heating a solution to separate liquids
    • What is fractional distillation?
      Separating liquids with different boiling points
    • What are the three main states of matter?
      Solid, liquid, and gas
    • How do particles behave in a solid?
      They vibrate around fixed positions
    • What happens to particles when a substance melts?
      They gain energy to overcome attraction
    • What do state symbols indicate in chemical equations?
      The state of substances: solid, liquid, gas
    • What does the symbol 's' represent?
      Solid
    • What does the symbol 'l' represent?
      Liquid
    • What does the symbol 'g' represent?
      Gas
    • What does the symbol 'aq' represent?
      Aqueous, meaning dissolved in solution
    • Who proposed the plum pudding model of the atom?
      JJ Thompson
    • What did Rutherford discover about the atom?
      It has a small, dense nucleus
    • What did Niels Bohr discover about electrons?
      They exist in shells or orbitals
    • What are protons and neutrons' relative charges?
      Protons are +1, neutrons are 0
    • What is the atomic number of an element?
      The number of protons in the nucleus
    • What happens when an atom gains or loses electrons?
      It becomes an ion
    • What is the mass number of an atom?
      The total number of protons and neutrons
    • What are isotopes?
      Atoms of the same element with different neutrons
    • How is the average relative atomic mass calculated?
      By averaging the masses of isotopes
    • What did Dmitri Mendeleev contribute to the periodic table?
      Grouped elements by properties, not just weight
    • How do electrons fill the shells around the nucleus?
      From the inside out, with specific limits
    • What are the properties of metals?
      They donate electrons and conduct electricity
    • What are the properties of nonmetals?
      They accept electrons and are poor conductors
    • What happens to reactivity in group 1 metals as you go down the group?
      Reactivity increases down the group
    • What happens to reactivity in group 7 nonmetals as you go down the group?
      Reactivity decreases down the group
    • What are noble gases known for?
      Being very unreactive
    • What charge do metals form when they lose electrons?
      Positive ions
    • What charge do nonmetals form when they gain electrons?
      Negative ions
    • What is the charge of aluminum when it forms an ion?
      3+
    • What is the structure of ionic compounds?
      They form a lattice of repeating units
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