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Cards (117)
What is a compound?
A substance with two or more different
atoms
bonded
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What is the chemical formula for water?
H2O
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How many hydrogen atoms are in one water molecule?
Two
hydrogen atoms
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What do we do if there's no number after a symbol in a chemical formula?
Assume there is an
invisible
one
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What must be true about the number of atoms in a chemical reaction?
They must be the same on
both sides
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What is the first step in balancing a chemical equation?
Start with atoms only in
compounds
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What is a mixture?
A combination of
elements
and
compounds
not bonded
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What is an example of a mixture?
Air
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How can you separate large insoluble particles from a liquid?
Using
filtration
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What is crystallization used for?
To separate a
solute
from a
solvent
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What is distillation?
Heating a solution to
separate
liquids
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What is fractional distillation?
Separating liquids with different
boiling points
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What are the three main states of matter?
Solid
,
liquid
, and
gas
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How do particles behave in a solid?
They vibrate around fixed
positions
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What happens to particles when a substance melts?
They gain energy to overcome
attraction
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What do state symbols indicate in chemical equations?
The state of
substances
:
solid
,
liquid
,
gas
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What does the symbol 's' represent?
Solid
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What does the symbol 'l' represent?
Liquid
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What does the symbol 'g' represent?
Gas
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What does the symbol 'aq' represent?
Aqueous
, meaning dissolved in solution
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Who proposed the plum pudding model of the atom?
JJ
Thompson
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What did Rutherford discover about the atom?
It has a small, dense
nucleus
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What did Niels Bohr discover about electrons?
They exist in
shells
or
orbitals
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What are protons and neutrons' relative charges?
Protons are +
1
, neutrons are
0
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What is the atomic number of an element?
The number of protons in the
nucleus
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What happens when an atom gains or loses electrons?
It becomes an
ion
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What is the mass number of an atom?
The total number of
protons
and
neutrons
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What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same
element
with different
neutrons
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How is the average relative atomic mass calculated?
By averaging the masses of
isotopes
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What did Dmitri Mendeleev contribute to the periodic table?
Grouped elements by
properties
, not just weight
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How do electrons fill the shells around the nucleus?
From the
inside out
, with specific limits
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What are the properties of metals?
They donate
electrons
and conduct
electricity
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What are the properties of nonmetals?
They accept
electrons
and are poor
conductors
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What happens to reactivity in group 1 metals as you go down the group?
Reactivity
increases down the group
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What happens to reactivity in group 7 nonmetals as you go down the group?
Reactivity
decreases down the group
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What are noble gases known for?
Being very
unreactive
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What charge do metals form when they lose electrons?
Positive ions
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What charge do nonmetals form when they gain electrons?
Negative
ions
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What is the charge of aluminum when it forms an ion?
3+
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What is the structure of ionic compounds?
They form a
lattice
of repeating units
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