6.1 Rate of reaction

• How can rates of reactions be measured?


  By amount of product used or formed
• What is the formula for the rate of reaction using reactants?


  Rate = amount of reactant used / time
• What is the formula for the rate of reaction using products?


  Rate = amount of product formed / time
• How can the quantity of reactant or product be measured?


  By mass in grams or volume in cm³
• What are the units of rate of reaction?


  g/s or cm³/s
• How can quantity of reactants be expressed in terms of moles?


  Using moles instead of mass or volume
• What are the units for rate of reaction in moles?


  mol/s
• How can the rate of reaction be found graphically?


  By drawing tangents to curves
• What does the slope of the tangent represent in reaction rate graphs?


  It measures the rate of reaction at a time
• What factors affect the rates of chemical reactions?


  • Concentration
  • Pressure
  • Surface area
  • Temperature
  • Catalysts
• What is collision theory in relation to chemical reactions?


  Reactions occur when particles collide with energy
• What is activation energy?


  The minimum energy required for reactions
• How does increasing concentration affect reaction rates?


  It increases collision frequency and reaction rate
• How does increasing temperature affect reaction rates?


  It increases collision frequency and energy
• What are catalysts?


  Substances that speed up reactions without change
• How do enzymes function in biological systems?


  As catalysts to speed up reactions
• Are catalysts included in the reaction equation?


  No, they are not included
• How do catalysts affect activation energy?

  They decrease activation energy required

  
• What do catalysts provide for chemical reactions?

  A different pathway with lower activation energy