Photosynthesis and respiration year 10

• photosynthesis word equation


  carbon dioxide+water=oxygen+glucose( using light
• chemical equation for photosynthesis

  6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2.
• Carbon dioxide enters the leaf through the stomata via diffusion
• Water enters the plant through osmosis into the root hair cells down a concentration gradient. (Affected by the transpiration stream of water being lost from the leaves through evaporations)
• Water enters the plant through osmosis into the root hair cells down a concentration gradient. (Affected by the transpiration stream of water being lost from the leaves through evaporations)
• Photosynthesis take place in the leaf and in the chloroplasts where chlorophyll absorbs light
• Photosynthesis Converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen
• Endothermic reaction
= Reaction where energy is transferred from the environment
• How plant gets reactants for photosynthesis 


  1. Carbon dioxide diffuses into leaves through stomata 2. Water is taken up from soil by roots and transported to leaves via xylem
• Products of photosynthesis
 


  Glucose is essential Oxygen is also produced but not as important
• Uses of glucose; Cellular respiration Making cellulose Making starch Making amino acids Making oils and fats
• Plant growth rate often depends on rate of photosynthesis
• Factors affecting rate of photosynthesis are

  light intensity, temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, and amount of chlorophyll
• Limiting factor in photosynthesis= Factor that limits the rate of photosynthesis
• What does the S-shaped curve in the graph of light intensity versus rate of photosynthesis indicate? 


  Rate of photosynthesis increases with light intensity up to point B Beyond point B, the rate remains constant Light intensity is the limiting factor between points A and B Another factor affects the rate beyond point B
• What happens to the rate of photosynthesis between points A and B as light intensity increases? 


  The rate of photosynthesis increases but only up to a certain point (B)
• What could be affecting the rate of photosynthesis beyond point B in the light intensity graph?

  Temperature or carbon dioxide concentration
• What is carbon dioxide classified as in the context of photosynthesis

  Carbon dioxide is a gas and a reactant used in photosynthesis
• Photosynthesis needs enzymes which work best at optimum temperature. When the temperature is too high or too low the enzymes cant function which means photosynthesis can happen. In low temperature enzymes have less kinetic energy and  when it is too high enzymes denature, changing the active site shape
• How could a leaf be adapted to grow in shade where there are low light intensities?

  More chlorophyll for a darker green color Bigger leaves for a larger surface area to absorb light
• How greenhouses are used to increase the rate of photosynthesis

  Provide extra light

  Provide extra heat

  Provide extra carbon dioxide

  The extra cost of using greenhouses has to be justified by the increase in crop yield
• photosythis happens in green leaves as they are filled with chlorophyll
• oxygen is released through the stomata via diffusion
• aerobic is respiration using oxygen
• aerobic respiration is considered the most efficient way to transfer energy from glucose because  it uses oxygen to release more energy
• aerobic respiration take place In mitochondria and take place all the time in the cells 
• The chemical equation for aerobic respiration

  C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
• The word equation for aerobic respiration is

  glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy.
• Aerobic respiration is an exothermic reaction
• What are the uses of energy released from aerobic respiration?


  Build large molecules from smaller ones (e.g., starch from glucose)

  Make muscles contract in animals Maintain  body temperature in warm-blooded animals Combine glucose with minerals to form amino acids in plants Active transport of minerals in root hair cells and translocation of sugars in phloem
• Anaerobic Respiration doesn't need oxygen is need to break down glucose
• Lactic acid is produced during anaerobic reaction in animal
• Lactic acid is produced during anaerobic reaction in animal
• word equation for anaerobic respiration 

  Glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy
• The equation for anaerobic respiration

  C6H12O6 -> 2C3H6O3
• Plant and yeast cells produce ethanol
• in yeast cells anaerobic respiration is called fermentation
• in bread and wine making  fermentation resolve in alcohol
• The effects that lactic acid have on the body is causes cramps, fatigue, and inefficient muscles contraction
• lactic acid transported after it builds up in muscles to the liver in the blood