Ainsworth

• What is the Strange Situation (SS) method?

  Controlled observation of attachment behavior
• What equipment is used in the Strange Situation?

  Two-way mirror and/or cameras
• How many episodes are in the Strange Situation?

  Seven episodes
• How long does each episode in the Strange Situation last?

  Three minutes
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of using a controlled, filmed/two-way mirror observation?

  Strengths:

  • Reduces observer bias
  • Allows for detailed analysis

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • May not reflect real-life situations
  • Limited ecological validity
• What is a characteristic of secure attachment (Type B) regarding proximity?

  Stays relatively close to the caregiver
• What levels of separation anxiety are typical for secure attachment (Type B)?


  Moderate levels
• How do securely attached children behave in terms of exploration?

  Explores environment but returns to caregiver
• What is the reunion behavior of securely attached children?

  Requires comfort and accepts it from caregiver
• What is a characteristic of insecure-resistant attachment (Type C) regarding proximity?

  Seeks greater proximity than others
• What levels of separation anxiety are typical for insecure-resistant attachment (Type C)?

  High levels
• How do insecure-resistant children behave in terms of exploration?

  Does not explore the environment freely
• What is the reunion behavior of insecure-resistant children?

  Seeks comfort but resists it when reunited
• What is a characteristic of insecure-avoidant attachment (Type A) regarding proximity?

  Does not seek proximity
• What levels of separation anxiety are typical for insecure-avoidant attachment (Type A)?

  Low levels
• How do insecure-avoidant children behave in terms of exploration?

  Explores environment freely without checking back
• What is the reunion behavior of insecure-avoidant children?

  Little effort to make contact or may avoid
• What is the predictive validity of attachment types?

  • Type B children have better outcomes
  • Less involvement in bullying
  • Better mental health in adulthood
• What does predictive validity mean?

  Ability to predict future outcomes based on assessment
• What does the predictive validity suggest about the Strange Situation?

  It effectively assesses attachment types
• What did Kornienko (2016) suggest about social behaviors of babies and adults?

  • Social behaviors differ significantly
  • Impacts attachment assessment validity
• What is a weakness of the Strange Situation according to Kornienko (2016)?

  It may not reflect real-life situations
• What is a strength of the Strange Situation regarding reliability?

  It has good inter-rater reliability
• What does inter-rater reliability mean?

  Agreement among different observers' assessments
• What extraneous variables could be controlled during the Strange Situation?


  Environment, caregiver behavior, and child mood
• Why is controlling extraneous variables a strength of the Strange Situation?

  It increases the validity of the findings
• Why are attachment behaviors easier to observe in the Strange Situation?

  Clear, structured episodes facilitate observation
• What is a cultural bias in the context of the Strange Situation?

  Developed in America, culturally bound
• What did Takahashi (1986) find about Japanese babies in the Strange Situation?

  Displayed high levels of separation anxiety
• What does 'cultural bound' mean?

  Limited applicability across different cultures
• How do child-rearing practices differ in individualist and collectivist societies?

  Individualist: independence; Collectivist: interdependence
• What attachment type did Main and Solomon (1986) identify?

  Disorganized attachment (Type D)
• What characterizes disorganized attachment (Type D)?

  A mix of resistant and avoidant behaviors
• To what extent does Ainsworth’s classification hold up against Type D existence?

  Challenges the simplicity of Ainsworth's model