PHYSIOLAB FINALS

• What does a differential count show in WBC?

  Percent of each type of white cell
• What are the types of white blood cells (WBC)?

  • Neutrophils
  • Eosinophils
  • Basophils
  • Monocytes
  • Lymphocytes
• How is the nucleus of neutrophils characterized?

  Divided into 2 to 5 segments
• What color do neutrophils stain?

  Dark purple
• What is the cytoplasm color of neutrophils?

  Pale pink to tan with granules
• What are the functions of neutrophils?

  First immune cell to infection site
• How do neutrophils kill invading germs?

  By phagocytosis
• How is the nucleus of eosinophils characterized?

  Divided into 2 segments
• What color are the granules in eosinophils?

  Large orange and red granules
• What are the functions of eosinophils?

  Fight viral infections and parasites
• What do basophils secrete?

  Heparin, histamine, and serotonin
• What is the tissue equivalent of basophils?

  Mast cells
• What is the shape of monocytes' nucleus?

  Convoluted, kidney-shaped
• What is the function of monocytes?

  Phagocytic and antigen presentation
• What is the tissue equivalent of monocytes?

  Macrophages
• What is the characteristic of lymphocytes' nucleus?

  Large, round or oval nucleus
• What are the main types of lymphocytes?

  B cells and T cells
• What is neutrophilia?

  Increased neutrophil count
• What can cause neutrophilia?

  Infection and inflammation
• What is neutropenia?

  Decreased neutrophil count
• What can cause eosinophilia?

  Parasites and allergies
• What is eosinopenia?

  Decreased eosinophil count
• What is lymphocytosis?

  Increased lymphocyte count
• What can cause lymphopenia?

  Stress and corticosteroids
• What is monocytosis?

  Increased monocyte count
• What is the formula for Relative Value (RV)?

  Cells counted divided by 100
• What is the formula for Absolute Value (AB)?

  RV times total WBC
• What does Packed Cell Volume (PCV) measure?

  Proportion of blood made of cells
• What is another name for Packed Cell Volume (PCV)?

  Hematocrit
• What does the Buffy coat contain?

  Most leukocytes and thrombocytes
• What does the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) test check for?

  Inflammation in the body
• How is ESR expressed?

  Speed at which RBC settle
• What factors affect ESR?

  Anemia and sex, age
• What happens to RBC during inflammation?

  Form rouleaux due to proteins
• What diseases are associated with increased ESR in dogs?

  Chronic kidney disease and tumors
• What is the Mean Corpuscular Value (MCV)?

  Average volume of a red blood cell
• How is MCV calculated?

  Hct times 10 divided by RBC
• What does Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) measure?

  Average amount of hemoglobin per RBC
• How is MCH calculated?

  Hb times 10 divided by RBC
• How is MCHC calculated?

  Hb times 100 divided by Hct