Carbohydrates/sugars

• What are carbohydrates composed of?

  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen
  • Oxygen
• What are the three types of saccharides?

  1. Monosaccharides: simple sugar monomers
  2. Disaccharides: two monosaccharides
  3. Polysaccharides: many monosaccharides
• What are carbohydrates made of?

  Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
• What are the three types of saccharides?

  Monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
• What is a monosaccharide?

  Simple sugar monomer
• What is a disaccharide?

  Two monosaccharides joined together
• What is a polysaccharide?

  Many monosaccharides joined together
• How do monosaccharides form disaccharides and polysaccharides?

  By glycosidic bonds in condensation reactions
• What is glucose's role in respiration?

  Main substrate for respiration
• How many carbon atoms does glucose contain?

  Six carbon atoms
• What are the two main isomers of glucose?

  Beta glucose and alpha glucose
• What is maltose formed from?

  Two glucose molecules
• What is sucrose formed from?

  Glucose and fructose
• What is lactose formed from?

  Glucose and galactose
• What are polysaccharides formed from?

  Many glucose units joined together
• What is glycogen's role in animals?

  Main energy storage molecule
• What type of glucose is glycogen formed from?

  Alpha glucose
• What types of glycosidic bonds are in glycogen?

  1, 4 and 1, 6 glycosidic bonds
• Why can glycogen be hydrolyzed quickly?

  It has many side branches
• What is starch's role in plants?

  Stores energy
• What are the two polysaccharides that make up starch?

  Amylose and amylopectin
• What is amylose's structure?

  Unbranched chain of glucose molecules
• How are glucose molecules joined in amylose?

  By 1, 4 glycosidic bonds
• What is amylopectin's structure?

  Branched chain of glucose molecules
• How are glucose molecules joined in amylopectin?

  By 1, 4 and 1, 6 glycosidic bonds
• Why is amylopectin rapidly digested?

  It has many side branches
• What are Carbohydrates used for living organisms

  They are the main energy supply
• What are carbohydrates made from?

  Monosaccharides
• What are monosaccharides?


  Single sugar units
• What are diasaccharides?


  Made up of two sugars units or two monosaccharide
• What is an example of a large carbohydrate?

  Starch which is made up of amylose and amylopectin
• what is Starch made up of?

  amylose and amylopectin
• What are the two types of glucose isomers?

  Alpha glucose and beta glucose
• Why is glucose structure important for function?

  makes glucose soluble and allows easy transport
• How are monosaccharide join together?

  • They are bonded together by glycosidic bonds
  • A condensation reaction happens
  • A molecule of water is released
• How do we break down a disaccharide?

  By hydrolysis, breaking of a bond using water
• What is maltose formed from?

  To alpha glucose molecules
• All three disaccharides


  Maltose

  Lactose

  Sucrose
• What is sucrose made up of?

  Glucose and fructose
• What is lactose made up of?

  Glucose and galactose