1. Atherosclerosis

• What is atherosclerosis?

  Hardening of arteries due to plaque buildup

  
• What causes the formation of an atheroma?

  Damage to endothelium and plaque buildup
• What is the role of white blood cells in atherosclerosis?

  They move into the artery during inflammation
• How does atherosclerosis affect blood flow?

  It narrows arteries, restricting blood flow

  
• What are the risk factors for atherosclerosis?

  • Genetics
  • Age
  • Diet
  • Gender
  • High blood pressure
  • High cholesterol levels
  • Smoking
  • Physical inactivity
  • Obesity
• Explain the stages of atherosclerosis

  The stage starts with high blood pressure.

  
• What is an atheroma?

  Fibrous plaque
• What are the features of the wall of an artery?

  • Outer layer: collagen fibres
  • Inner layer: muscle and elastin.
  • Endothelium

  
• What is an atheroma

  It's a build-up of Fatty deposits of mainly LDL cholesterol which forms within the endothelium of an artery.
• What problems could there be in the leg from an atheroma

  Peripheral arterial disease. PAD

  Causes gangrene
• What problem could be caused by an atheroma in the Brain

  Stroke
• What possible problems could an atheroma cause in the coronary artery 

  CHD coronary heart disease
• Describe how atherosclerosis develops

  1. Damage to endothelial cells of artery
  2. Inflammatory response
  3. Migration of white blood cells into area
  4. Buildup of cholesterol LDL
  5. Formation of atheroma plaque.
  6. Calcium salts and fibrous tissue builds up.
  7. Loss of elasticity of artery and narrowing of lumen.
  8. Positive feedback