Non specific

• physical barriers

  • skin
  • stomach acid
  • mucus
  • ear wax
• phagocytosis

  • phagocytes (white blood cells)
  • engulf pathogens
  • lysosomes in phagocyte
  • enzymes digest pathogen
• What is the process called that involves movement toward chemical stimuli?

  Chemotaxis
• What substance helps to trap pathogens in the body?

  Mucus
• What role do enzymes play in the immune response?

  They digest pathogens
• What type of cells have receptors that attach to antigens on bacteria?

  Phagocytes
• What do lysosomes contain that aids in pathogen destruction?

  Lysozyme
• What is a pathogen?

  An organism that causes disease
• What is an antigen?

  A substance that triggers an immune response
• What type of cell can present antigens after processing a pathogen?

  Antigen-presenting cell
• What happens to the phagocyte after it hydrolyzes a pathogen?

  It displays antigens on its surface
• What is the function of receptors on phagocytes?

  To attach to antigens on bacteria
• What is the outcome of exocytosis in phagocytes?

  Release of waste products
• What do B and T cells do when stimulated?

  They respond to the immune challenge
• What is the role of antigens from pathogens?

  To stimulate an immune response
• What is the significance of different antigens in the immune response?

  They help identify various pathogens
• What is complement in the context of the immune system?

  A group of proteins that enhance immune response
• non specific

  • immediate response
  • any pathogen
• process of phagocytosis

  1. phagocyte attracted to the pathogen by chemotaxis
  2. phagocyte binds to pathogen
  3. lysosomes migrate to phagosome formed by engulfing the bacteria
  4. lysosomes release lysozymes which break down the bacteria
  5. breakdown of products are absorbed by the phagocyte
  6. waste products are released by exocytosis