Specific

• specific

  • slower response
  • specific to pathogen
• What are the main types of white blood cells?

  Phagocytes and lymphocytes
• What is the primary function of phagocytes?

  To destroy pathogens
• How do B cells respond to pathogens?

  They produce antibodies
• What is the role of T cells in the immune response?

  They respond to infected body cells
• Where do B cells mature?

  In the bone marrow
• Where do T cells mature?

  In the thymus gland
• What happens to cells that become antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?

  They present antigens on their surface
• What are the four functions of T cells after activation?

  Memory T cells, Helper T cells, Cytotoxic T cells
• What are the roles of different T cells?

  • Memory T cells: Respond to future infections
  • Helper T cells: Stimulate B cells and phagocytosis
  • Cytotoxic T cells: Kill infected cells using perforin
• What is clonal selection in T cells?

  It is the process of selecting T cells that fit the antigen
• How many different types of B cells are present at birth?

  Up to 10$^6$ different types
• What is the role of B cells in the immune response?

  1. Take up surface antigens of pathogens
  2. Process and present antigens on their surfaces
  3. Activate by helper T cells
  4. Divide by mitosis to produce plasma cells
  5. Plasma cells produce antibodies
  6. Memory cells respond to future infections
• What do plasma cells do?

  Produce antibodies that fit pathogen antigens
• What is the primary response in antibody production?

  Antibodies attach to antigens and destroy them
• What happens during the secondary response to an antigen?

  A faster and larger antibody response occurs
• Describe the structure of an antibody.

  • Y-shaped glycoprotein
  • Quaternary structure with 4 chains
  • 2 heavy and 2 light chains
  • Variable regions for antigen binding
  • Constant region with the same amino acid sequence
  • Hinge region allows movement