Acids Reacting with metals

• What are the three common acids used in chemistry?

  Hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid
• What is a key characteristic of all acids?

  • All acids contain hydrogen
• Why can metals displace hydrogen from acids?

  Because they are more reactive than hydrogen
• What products are formed when acids react with metals?

  A salt and hydrogen gas
• How does the type of acid affect the salt produced in a reaction with a metal?

  • Hydrochloric acid produces salts ending in "chloride"
  • Sulfuric acid produces salts ending in "sulfate"
• What is the name given to substances like magnesium sulfate formed in acid-metal reactions?

  Salt
• How does the reactivity of magnesium compare to hydrogen in acid reactions?

  Magnesium is much more reactive than hydrogen
• What happens when magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid?

  • Produces magnesium chloride
  • Releases hydrogen gas
• What is the outcome when zinc reacts with sulfuric acid?

  Produces zinc sulfate and hydrogen gas
• Why is the reaction of iron with acids slower than that of magnesium and zinc?

  Because iron is only slightly more reactive than hydrogen
• What factors influence the speed of reactions between metals and acids?

  • Reactivity of the metal
  • Type of acid used
• What do acids produce in aqueous solutions?

  Hydrogen ions $H^+$
• What does the term 'aqueous solution' mean?

  It means dissolved in water.
• What are the products of the reaction between acids and metals?

  • A salt
  • Hydrogen gas
• What happens to magnesium atoms when they react with acids?

  They lose two electrons to form magnesium ions $Mg^{2+}.$
• What is the definition of oxidation in this context?

  Oxidation is the loss of electrons by a substance.
• What happens to hydrogen ions during the reaction with metals?

  They gain electrons to form hydrogen gas.
• What is the definition of reduction in this context?

  Reduction is the gain of electrons by a substance.
• How do the reactions of magnesium, zinc, and iron with acids compare in terms of speed?

  • Magnesium reacts very rapidly
  • Zinc reacts quite rapidly
  • Iron reacts slowly
• Why do magnesium atoms react rapidly with dilute acids?

  Because they easily form the positive ion $Mg^{2+}.$
• Why do zinc atoms react quite rapidly with dilute acids?

  Because they quite easily form the positive ion $Zn^{2+}.$
• Why does iron react slowly with dilute acids?

  Because they do not easily form the positive ion $Fe^{2+}.$
• What is the relationship between oxidation and reduction in the context of acid-metal reactions?

  • Oxidation involves the loss of electrons by metals.
  • Reduction involves the gain of electrons by hydrogen ions.