Final Exam Review

• Who wrote 'Priscus on Attila's court'?

  Priscus of Panium
• What is the purpose of 'Priscus on Attila's court'?

  To document experiences at Attila's court
• What key theme does 'Priscus on Attila's court' address regarding Attila's personality?

  Attila as a pragmatic and austere leader
• How does 'Priscus on Attila's court' highlight cultural contrasts?

  By comparing Roman and Hun societies
• What historical significance does Priscus' account hold?

  It provides rare insight into the Huns
• What is 'Procopius, Buildings i.23-26' about?

  Construction and renovation under Justinian I
• Who wrote 'Procopius, Buildings i.23-26'?

  Procopius of Caesarea
• What does the Grately Code reflect about King Æthelstan's reign?

  Efforts to unify England under a legal system
• What type of document is Bede's Letter to Bishop Ecgberht?

  A critical historical document
• What key theme does Bede's letter address regarding church leaders?

  Need for moral leadership and reform
• What is the significance of the Life of Porphyry, Bishop of Gaza?

  It shows the Christianization of a pagan city
• Who wrote the Life of Porphyry, Bishop of Gaza?

  Mark the Deacon
• What key events are detailed in the Life of Porphyry?

  Destruction of pagan temples and imperial support
• What is the focus of Gregory of Tours' Ten Books of History?

  Chronicle of the Frankish people
• Who was Gregory of Tours?

  A Gallo-Roman bishop and chronicler
• What does 'The Rule of Patrick' outline?

  Daily routines and moral guidelines for monks
• Who is traditionally attributed as the author of 'The Rule of Patrick'?

  Saint Patrick
• What is the significance of Einhard's 'Life of Charlemagne'?

  It provides insight into Charlemagne's reign
• Who wrote 'Life of Charlemagne'?

  Einhard
• What challenges did the institutional Christian Church face beyond the Roman world?

  Cultural differences and language barriers
• How did the powers of queens differ from kings in early medieval Europe?

  Queens ruled as regents and influenced diplomacy
• What are the key themes of the Grately Code?

  • Strict punishments for theft
  • Reinforcement of social order
  • Protection of church property
  • Regulation of trade and coinage
• What are the key themes in Bede's Letter to Bishop Ecgberht?

  • Ecclesiastical reform
  • Importance of education for clergy
  • Organization of bishoprics
• What are the key themes in the Life of Porphyry?

  • Religious conflict
  • Imperial power
  • Miracles as tools of authority
• What are the key themes in Gregory of Tours' Ten Books of History?

  • History of the Frankish people
  • Role of the Church
  • Christian miracles and political intrigues
• What challenges did the Church face in maintaining doctrinal unity?

  • Cultural differences
  • Language barriers
  • Political fragmentation
  • Heresy and dissent
• What powers did abbesses hold compared to abbots?

  • Control over double monasteries
  • Management of estates
  • Spiritual authority within communities
• What were the roles of queens in early medieval Europe?

  • Rule as regents
  • Negotiate treaties
  • Control court appointments
• What is the significance of the Carolingian Renaissance?

  • Cultural revival under Charlemagne
  • Promotion of learning and arts
  • Strengthening of the Church's influence
• Who ruled as regents for underage heirs in the Early Middle Ages?

  Queens, like Brunhild
• What roles did queens play in diplomacy and court influence?

  Negotiated treaties, arranged marriages, controlled appointments
• How did queens use religious power to reinforce their legitimacy?

  Through monastic patronage and appointing bishops
• What was the military influence of queens in the Early Middle Ages?

  Influenced military policy but rarely led armies
• Who controlled "double monasteries" of men and women?

  Abbesses
• How did abbesses manage land and wealth?

  Like abbots, often with noble or royal connections
• What spiritual authority did abbesses hold?

  Authority over religious life within their communities
• What was the political role of Queen Brunhild?

  Queen of Austrasia and regent for grandsons
• How did Brunhild consolidate power?

  By appointing bishops and using monastic patronage
• What led to Brunhild's opposition and downfall?

  Her extensive authority drew resistance from nobles
• What is the key legal reform known as the Justinian Code?

  Corpus Juris Civilis