1500-1700

• What is the time period discussed in the overview?

  1500 to 1700
• What types of punishments were common during this period?

  Fines, corporal punishment, and capital punishment
• What might happen if someone commits a minor crime?

  They could be fined money
• What is the purpose of stocks and pillories?

  To embarrass and intimidate offenders
• Who primarily uses stocks during this period?

  People who can't pay a fine
• What is the role of justices of the peace (JPs)?

  They deal with minor crimes
• How often do justices of the peace meet for quarter sessions?

  Four times a year
• What types of crimes do royal judges handle?

  Really serious crimes like murder
• What is a common belief in England during this period?

  Belief in the devil and witches
• How does superstition change during this period?

  There is a real jump in superstition
• How does the punishment for treason change during this period?

  Punishment becomes hanging, drawing, and quartering
• What is the fate of those punished for treason?

  Body parts displayed as a warning
• Who primarily fills jails during this period?

  Prostitutes and vagabonds
• What social issue increases during this period?

  The number of vagabonds and beggars
• What is the role of the human cry in law enforcement?

  To catch criminals in the community
• Why is the human cry declining in effectiveness?

  Due to population growth and larger towns
• What significant religious change occurs during this period?

  Henry VIII splits from Rome
• How does the printing press impact society during this period?

  It spreads ideas through pamphlets and broadsheets
• What is a consequence of population growth during this period?

  Increased unemployment and famine
• What economic changes are occurring as this period progresses?

  Transition towards the Industrial Revolution
• What are the key changes in punishments from 1500 to 1700?

  • Fines for minor crimes
  • Corporal punishments like stocks and whipping
  • Capital punishments such as hanging and beheading
  • Stocks for unpaid fines, pillories for cheating
• What are the roles of justices of the peace and royal judges?

  • Justices of the Peace (JPs):
  • Handle minor crimes
  • Meet quarterly for quarter sessions
  • Royal Judges:
  • Deal with serious crimes like murder
  • Visit twice a year
• What social and economic issues arise due to population growth?

  • Increased number of vagabonds and beggars
  • Higher unemployment rates
  • Potential for famine during bad harvests
• What factors contribute to the rise of superstition during this period?

  • Inability to explain natural events
  • Belief in witches and the devil
  • Influence of Christian and Pagan traditions
• What is the significance of the Gunpowder Plot and Guy Fawkes?

  • Example of treason against the government
  • Resulted in severe punishments for conspirators
  • Highlighted religious tensions between Catholics and Protestants
• What was the main policing method from 1500 to 1700?

  Human cry
• What was the role of Parish constables?

  To lead the human cry and inform authorities
• When did the Bow Street Runners emerge?

  Late 1700s
• What was the role of Town Watchmen?

  To keep lookout in towns at night
• What must citizens obtain to arrest someone?

  An arrest warrant from a magistrate
• What replaced trial by ordeal and trial by combat?

  Courts using juries or judges
• What are Mana courts responsible for?

  Local non-serious crimes
• What do Justices of the Peace (JPs) handle?

  Minor crimes on their own
• How often do JPs meet for quarter sessions?

  Four times a year
• What types of cases do Royal judges handle?

  Very serious cases like murder
• What is the benefit of clergy?

  A limited form of church court protection
• What crimes can benefit of clergy still address?

  Low-level crimes
• What significant act was introduced in 1679?

  The Habeas Corpus Act
• What does the Habeas Corpus Act protect against?

  Being locked up without a crime
• How did the role of religion change in law enforcement from 1500 to 1700?

  Religion's role declined in justice matters