1700-1900

• What is the main topic discussed in the video?

  Highway robbery and its historical context
• What period does the Bloody Code cover?

  1688 to 1868
• How did the Bloody Code change in the 1820s?

  Death penalty limited to serious crimes
• What historical event contributed to the rise of highway robbery?

  The English Civil War
• What was the state of law and order during the English Civil War?

  There was complete chaos and confusion
• By 1700, what had highway robbery reached?

  Epidemic proportions
• What is a common myth about highwaymen?

  They were charming gentlemen
• Who is a famous highwayman associated with the myth of charm?

  Dick Turpin
• What was the reality of most highwaymen?

  They were brutal thieves and criminals
• What was Claude Duval known for?

  Charming ladies and being less brutal
• What significant change occurred regarding witchcraft laws by 1736?

  Witchcraft laws were repealed
• What factors contributed to the rise of highway robbery?

  Improved roads and cheap handguns
• Why did the fall of highway robbery occur?

  Mounted patrols and Bow Street Runners emerged
• What was the role of the Bow Street Runners?

  To stop highwaymen in London
• How did the publication of the 'human cry' affect highway robbery?

  It made it harder for highwaymen to operate
• What was the impact of Justice of the Peace on taverns used by highwaymen?

  They refused to license those taverns
• What are the key factors in the rise and fall of highway robbery?

  Rise Factors:

  • Improved roads for travel
  • Cheap and accessible handguns
  • Secluded areas for ambushes
  • Affordable horses for getaway

  
  

  Fall Factors:

  • Increased mounted patrols
  • Establishment of Bow Street Runners
  • Publication of the 'human cry'
  • Licensing restrictions on taverns
• What was the main question regarding Transportation discussed in the video?

  Was Transportation a success or a failure?
• What was the purpose of the Transportation Act of 1717?

  To provide an alternative to execution
• When did transportation to America end?

  1776 with American independence
• What were prison hulks used for?

  To hold prisoners temporarily
• When did transportation to Australia begin?

  1787
• What significant date marks the end of public executions?

  1868
• What were prison hulks originally?

  Decommissioned warships converted into prisons
• Why did the government believe transportation was a good idea?

  It was seen as less harsh than execution
• How did the moral views of judges influence transportation?

  Judges preferred transportation over execution for minor crimes
• What was one argument for transportation as a deterrent?

  It removed criminals from Britain
• How did transportation contribute to the colonization of Australia?

  It helped establish colonies using transported criminals
• What was one reason why juries were more likely to convict?

  Transportation was an alternative to execution
• What did many criminals do after being transported to Australia?

  They opted to stay in Australia
• What did the Lord Chief Justice say about transportation in 1810?

  It was seen as a pleasant excursion
• How did the discovery of gold in Australia affect transportation's effectiveness?

  It made transportation less of a deterrent
• What was the financial cost of transportation by the 1830s?

  About £500,000 a year
• Why is the end of transportation significant in the context of criminal justice?

  It marked a shift to reformed prisons
• What are the reasons for and against transportation?

  Reasons for:

  • Seen as less harsh than execution
  • Helped colonize Australia
  • Reduced crime by removing criminals

  
  

  Reasons against:

  • Viewed as a pleasant experience
  • Gold discovery undermined deterrent effect
  • Increased crime rates during transportation
• What changes occurred in the criminal justice system after transportation ended?

  • Shift to reformed prisons
  • Decrease in public executions
  • End of the bloody code