Definitions of Abnormality - Psychopathology

• What does the prefix "psycho" refer to in psychopathology?

  The mind
• What does "pathology" mean in the context of psychopathology?

  The study of disease
• What mental health conditions are covered in the psychopathology video series?

  OCD, depression, and phobias
• Which psychological approach is applied to phobias?

  The behaviorist approach
• Which psychological approach is applied to depression?

  The cognitive approach
• Which psychological approach is applied to OCD?

  The biological approach
• Why is defining mental abnormality challenging?

  Clear definitions are difficult to establish
• What are the four competing definitions of abnormality discussed?

  1. Statistical infrequency
  2. Failure to function adequately
  3. Deviation from social norms
  4. Deviation from ideal mental health
• What does the statistical infrequency definition state?

  Rare mental conditions indicate abnormality
• How is behavior judged in the statistical infrequency definition?

  Using statistics to measure rarity
• What is the average IQ score according to the statistical infrequency definition?

  100
• How many standard deviations from the average IQ is considered abnormal?

  Two standard deviations
• What percentage of the population falls into the low intelligence bracket?

  Just over two percent
• What is a positive evaluation of the statistical infrequency definition?

  It objectively measures low IQ individuals
• What is a criticism of the statistical infrequency definition regarding the cutoff for low intelligence?

  It is a subjective decision
• Why might high intelligence be considered a limitation of the statistical infrequency definition?

  It includes high intelligence as abnormal
• What is a limitation of the statistical infrequency definition regarding common mental health conditions?

  It doesn't account for common disorders
• What does the failure to function adequately definition focus on?

  Individual's ability to cope in daily life
• Who outlined the features of failure to function?

  Rosenhan and Seligman
• What are the features of failure to function according to Rosenhan and Seligman?

  • Maladaptive behavior
  • Personal anguish
  • Observer discomfort
  • Irrationality
  • Unpredictability
  • Unconventionality
• What is maladaptive behavior?

  Behaviors against long-term interests
• What does personal anguish refer to in failure to function?

  Individual suffering from anxiety and distress
• What is observer discomfort?

  Behavior causing distress to others
• What does irrationality refer to in the context of failure to function?

  Difficulty understanding someone's motivation
• What is unconventionality in failure to function?

  Behavior that goes against societal expectations
• What is a criticism of the failure to function definition regarding subjectivity?

  Decisions are based on observer opinions
• Why might psychopaths be excluded from the failure to function definition?

  They can function successfully in society
• What is a criticism of maladaptive behavior in the failure to function definition?

  Not all maladaptive behavior indicates illness
• What is a positive aspect of the failure to function definition?

  It respects individual experiences
• What is a social norm?

  An unwritten expectation of behavior
• How can social norms vary?

  They can change between cultures and time
• What happens if someone uses nightclub norms in a classroom?

  They would be seen as abnormal
• How do cultural differences affect deviation from social norms?

  Norms vary greatly between cultures
• What is a positive aspect of deviation from social norms?

  It respects cultural differences
• What is a criticism of deviation from social norms regarding cultural context?

  It can be difficult to apply across cultures
• What is category failure in the context of cultural norms?

  Applying Western definitions to other cultures
• How might hallucinations be viewed differently in Afro-Caribbean cultures?

  As normal religious experiences
• What is a criticism of deviation from social norms regarding individuality?

  It can punish individual expression
• What does Jahoda's deviation from ideal mental health definition focus on?

  Ways to improve mental health
• What are the six features of ideal mental health according to Jahoda?

  1. Environmental mastery
  2. Autonomy
  3. Resistance to stress
  4. Self-actualization
  5. Positive attitude towards oneself
  6. Accurate perception of reality