Depression: explaining and treating (cognitive approach)

• What is one of the most common mental health disorders?

  Depression
• What percentage of adults in the UK experience depression?

  One in five adults
• Which demographic has a higher rate of depressive symptoms?

  Women aged 16 to 29
• What is the percentage of women aged 16 to 29 experiencing depressive symptoms?

  Over 4 in 10
• What is the purpose of the video mentioned in the text?

  To teach principles of depression
• What does the video suggest about seeking support?

  Knowledge is power, but seek other resources
• What cognitive concept will be discussed in the video?

  Schemas
• What does the cognitive approach suggest about depression?

  It is due to problems in internal mental processes
• How are depressed people's thoughts described?

  As disturbed or maladaptive
• What is a schema?

  A mental framework built from experience
• How do schemas help us in daily life?

  They act as mental shortcuts
• What can negative schemas lead to?

  Biases about ourselves and events
• What are Beck's three types of negative schemas?

  Self, world, and future schemas
• What negative behaviors can result from negative thought patterns?

  Avoidance, withdrawal, and inaction
• How might a depressed individual react to social situations?

  They might avoid them due to fear of rejection
• What is cognitive distortion according to Beck?

  Faulty negative thinking patterns
• What is overgeneralization in cognitive distortion?

  Assuming one negative experience will always happen
• What is selective abstraction?

  Focusing on one negative detail out of context
• What does Ellis's ABC model stand for?

  Activating event, belief, consequence
• What does the 'A' in the ABC model represent?

  Activating event
• How do beliefs differ between depressed and non-depressed individuals?

  Depressed individuals have irrational beliefs
• What is 'masturbatory thinking' according to Ellis?

  Unrealistic beliefs about perfection
• What are the three musts that hold us back?

  I must do well, you must treat me well, the world must be easy
• What does research suggest about negative thinking and depression?

  Negative thinking styles increase depression risk
• What did March's study find about CBT and drug therapy?

  Both had an effectiveness rate of 81%
• What is a potential issue with CBT for severely depressed patients?

  They may lack motivation for engagement
• What is a criticism of CBT regarding client responsibility?

  It can lead to victim blaming
• What is a limitation of both CBT and REBT?

  They may overlook past trauma
• What is a criticism of focusing on present experiences in therapy?

  It may not address underlying issues
• What is a cost consideration for CBT compared to drug therapy?

  CBT is more expensive for health services
• Why might patients prefer drug treatments over CBT?

  Due to fewer side effects
• What is a long-term benefit of effective CBT?

  Patients can return to work productively
• What are the key components of Beck's cognitive therapy?

  • Patient acts as a scientist
  • Tests hypotheses about thoughts
  • Gathers data through thought catching
  • Records negative thoughts and situations
  • Engages in behavioral activation
• What are the key components of Ellis's Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)?

  • ABC model: Activating event, Belief, Consequence
  • Adds D for Dispute and E for Effect
  • Therapist confronts irrational beliefs
  • Uses empirical and logical arguments
  • Includes shame attacking exercises
• Compare Beck's CBT and Ellis's REBT in treating depression.

  • Beck's CBT: Patient discovers irrationality
  • Ellis's REBT: Therapist directly disputes beliefs
  • Both aim to restructure irrational thoughts
  • Different methods but similar goals