geography year 10

• What is urbanization?

  Increase in urban population proportion
• What are the main causes of urbanization?

  Rural-urban migration and natural population growth
• What are push factors in urbanization?

  Lack of jobs, poor healthcare, limited education
• What are pull factors in urbanization?

  Better jobs, healthcare, education, and services
• What are the urban challenges faced by HICs and LICs?

  HICs:

  • Housing shortages
  • Congestion
  • Pollution

  
  

  LICs:

  • Slums
  • Inadequate infrastructure
  • Unemployment
• What are some strategies for sustainable urban development?

  • Public transport systems (e.g., London Underground)
  • Green spaces (e.g., Central Park in NYC)
  • Renewable energy use
• What does the Burgess Model illustrate about urban land use?

  It shows circular zones: CBD, inner city, suburbs
• What does the Hoyt Model illustrate about urban land use?

  It shows sector-based zones influenced by transport routes
• What are the opportunities and challenges in London as an HIC urban area?

  Opportunities:

  • Jobs in finance
  • Cultural diversity
  • Public transport

  
  

  Challenges:

  • Housing affordability
  • Air pollution
  • Inequality
• What are the opportunities and challenges in Rio de Janeiro as an LIC urban area?

  Opportunities:

  • Tourism
  • Job creation
  • Cultural vibrancy

  
  

  Challenges:

  • Favelas
  • Crime
  • Lack of sanitation
• "Urbanization"


  A process where people move from rural areas to cities, leading to rapid population growth and changes to the environment
• "Compact City vs Spread City"

  • Compact City: dense, high-rise development with mixed-use buildings and public transportation, reducing the need for automobiles
  • Spread City: low-density development with single-family homes and cars, leading to urban sprawl and environmental degradation
• "Urban Sprawl"


  The uncontrolled expansion of a city into surrounding areas, leading to loss of natural habitats, increased pollution, and decreased quality of life
• "Brownfields vs Greenfields"


  • Brownfields: previously developed sites in need of rehabilitation, often contaminated with pollutants
  • Greenfields: undeveloped land ready for urbanization, potentially less environmentally affected
• "Sustainable Urban Design"


  Aiming to minimize environmental impact and improve residents' quality of life through green spaces, public transportation, and energy-efficient buildings
• "Urban Agriculture"


  Cultivating food within urban areas, often using innovative methods to reduce environmental impact and increase food security
• "Transportation Network"


  A network of roads, public transit, pedestrian, and cycling infrastructure designed to efficiently move people and goods within a city
• Green Infrastructure


  Vegetation, parks, and green roofs that help mitigate the effects of urbanization on the environment and improve residents' quality of life
• Compact City


  A design approach that promotes high-density, mixed-use development with public transportation and pedestrian-friendly infrastructure