The Internet

• What does ISP stand for?

  Internet Service Provider
• What is a packet in networking?


  A container for transmitting data
• What is Time to live(TTL) abd what happens when it expires

  How many hops a packet can take and once this time expires the packet is dropped and deleted
• What is Time to live(TTL) abd what happens when it expires?


  How many hops a packet can take and once this time expires the packet is dropped and deleted
• What does the sender's address in a packet do?

  Identifies where the packet was sent from
• What is the purpose of the receiver's address in a packet?

  Allows routing to the correct device
• What does the packet contents hold?

  The data being transferred
• What does the sequence number in a packet do?

  Identifies a packet's position in a message
• What do routers and gateways do?

  Connect different networks for packet delivery
• How do routers determine the fastest route for packets?

  By holding tables with route information
• In what situation are Gateways used?

  When networks use 2 different protocols, requiring packets to be modified in order to conform to both
• What is symmetric encryption?


  Both parties share the same private key
• What is a major flaw in symmetric encryption?

  Key exchange is vulnerable to interception
• What is asymmetric encryption?

  Uses pairs of mathematically related keys
• What happens when a message is encrypted with a public key?

  Only the corresponding private key can decrypt it
• What does a firewall do?

  Regulates packets between a device and the Internet
• What are the two types of firewalls?

  Software and hardware firewalls
• What is packet filtering?

  Accepting and blocking packets based on criteria
• What does stateful inspection do?

  Examines packet contents before allowing them through
• What is a proxy server?

  A server between public and private networks

  
• How does a firewall provide anonymity?

  By using its address instead of the device's
• What is an IP address?

  Assigned to every device on the Internet
• Why are domain names used?

  They are easier for humans to remember
• What does a domain name server do?

  Translates domain names into IP addresses
• What happens if a domain name server lacks a record?

  Your request is passed to another server
• What is an internet registry?

  An organization responsible for IP address allocation
• How many internet registries are there?

  Five internet registries
• What does an internet registry do when a new IP address is requested?

  Looks for an unused previously allocated IP address
• What is a URL?

  A uniform resource locator is an address assigned to files on the Internet
• What does the protocol in a URL indicate?

  The method used to access a file
• What is the purpose of a subdomain in a URL?

  Points to a specific directory or server
• What is a fully qualified domain name (FQDN)?

  A domain that specifies an exact resource and can only be interpreted in one way
• What are worms in the context of malware?

  Malicious software that can self-replicate
• What is a Trojan in malware?

  Malware disguised as a benign file
• What do computer viruses require?

  A host file in which to reside
• How can viruses spread?

  Over networks or through physical media
• What is a precaution to protect against malware?

  Install antivirus software
• What is the role of good code quality in malware prevention?

  Prevents exploitation of bugs in code
• What is the purpose of antivirus software?

  To scan and remove suspicious files
• How can employees reduce the risk of malware?

  By being trained about suspicious emails