Willingham's learning styles (Key Theory)

• What does Willingham criticize about learning styles theory?

  Lack of scientific evidence
• How can cognitive psychology and neuroscience improve learning according to Willingham?

  By providing scientific research results
• What should be the nature of praising effort according to Willingham?

  Praise should be unexpected
• What did Lepper et al. find about performance and praise?

  If performance depends on praise, a person works to get the praise rather than to feel good.
• What is a common reason for forgetting information according to memory research?

  Lack of the right cues
• What should people practice to improve memory retrieval?

  Retrieving information from memory
• What does self-regulation involve?

  Controlling behavior, emotions, and attention
• How was self-regulation assessed in research?

  Using the marshmallow test
• What is the link between self-regulation and academic progress?

  Better self-regulation leads to better school progress
• How do brain waves differ in children with dyslexia?

  They differ from those without dyslexia
• What could be the benefit of identifying dyslexia through brain wave patterns?

  Early help could benefit progress
• What is a strength of Willingham's theory?

  It is based on scientific evidence
• Why do well-designed studies enhance Willingham's theory?

  They provide greater validity to claims
• How does Willingham's theory apply to real-world education?

  It has clear relevance to education
• What does Willingham's approach explain about learning?

  What you learn, not how you learn
• What is a limitation of diagnosing dyslexia based on brain waves?

  Other causes need to be investigated
• Why is it unlikely that brain waves would be used for dyslexia diagnosis?

  Multiple other causes must be considered