cell structure

• What is the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently?

  Cells
• What do bacteria reproduce when they divide?

  They produce a whole new organism
• What type of cells are animal and plant cells?

  Eukaryotic cells
• What type of cells are bacterial cells?

  Prokaryotic cells
• What is the total estimated number of cells in an adult human?

  Over 40 trillion cells
• What are the main subcellular structures found in both animal and plant cells?

  • Cell membrane
  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Mitochondria
  • Ribosomes
• What is the function of the cell membrane?

  Controls substances passing in and out
• What does the nucleus contain?

  Genetic material or DNA
• What is cytoplasm's role in a cell?

  Site for chemical reactions
• What is the primary function of mitochondria?

  Provide energy through aerobic respiration
• What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?

  To synthesise protein
• What additional structures do plant cells have compared to animal cells?

  • Rigid cell wall
  • Permanent vacuole
  • Chloroplasts
• What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

  Provides support and structure
• What is contained in the permanent vacuole of plant cells?

  Cell sap (sugars, salts, water)
• What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

  Site of photosynthesis
• What substance do chloroplasts contain that aids in photosynthesis?

  Chlorophyll
• What type of organism are bacteria classified as?

  Unicellular organisms
• What do bacterial cells lack compared to eukaryotic cells?

  Mitochondria and chloroplasts
• How is bacterial DNA organized?

  Single circular strand free in cytoplasm
• What are plasmids in bacteria?

  Small rings of DNA with extra genes
• What is the function of flagella in bacteria?

  Propel bacteria for movement
• What are the key differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

  Eukaryotic cells:

  • Have a nucleus
  • Are multicellular (mostly)
  • Contain mitochondria and chloroplasts

  
  

  Prokaryotic cells:

  • Lack a nucleus
  • Are unicellular
  • Do not contain mitochondria or chloroplasts