Titrations

• What are the key concepts behind standard solutions and titrations?

  Importance of accurate measurements and indicators
• What is the first step in preparing a standard solution?

  Dissolve a known amount of solid
• What do students analyze during the titration process?

  Points where precision is critical
• What are the products of a neutralisation reaction?

  A salt and water
• What is the balanced equation for sulphuric acid reacting with sodium hydroxide?

  H₂SO₄ + 2NaOH → Na₂SO₄ + H₂O
• What is a standard solution?

  A solution with a known concentration
• How do you calculate the moles of NaOH needed for a 0.1 mol/dm³ solution?

  n = c × v
• What is the calculation for moles of NaOH in 250 cm³ of 0.1 mol/dm³ solution?

  0.025 moles of NaOH
• How do you calculate the mass of NaOH required?

  m = n × M
• What is the mass of NaOH needed for 0.025 moles?

  1 gram of NaOH
• What is the purpose of zeroing the balance when weighing NaOH?

  To ensure accurate mass measurement
• What should you do after adding NaOH to the beaker?

  Add 100 cm³ of distilled water
• Why is it important to rinse the beaker with distilled water?

  To transfer all NaOH to the volumetric flask
• What is the purpose of inverting the volumetric flask?

  To ensure thorough mixing of the solution
• What is the role of titrations in chemistry?

  To determine the concentration of solutions
• What equipment is used in titrations?

  A burette
• What happens when the acid neutralises the alkali in a titration?

  A permanent colour change occurs
• What does it mean for results to be concordant in titrations?

  Results are within 0.1 cm³ of each other
• How do you calculate the concentration of H₂SO₄ in a titration?

  Using moles and volume
• What is the molar ratio of NaOH to H₂SO₄ in the reaction?

  2:1 ratio
• How many moles of H₂SO₄ are required to neutralise 0.008 moles of NaOH?

  0.004 moles of H₂SO₄
• What is the concentration of H₂SO₄ if 0.004 moles are in 25 cm³?

  1.6 mol/dm³
• What does n represent in the concentration formula?

  Number of moles
• What does c represent in the concentration formula?

  Concentration (mol/dm³)
• What does v represent in the concentration formula?

  Volume (dm³)