DNA and the Genome (&DNA Structure)

• What is the structure of DNA described in the video?

  DNA consists of two strands that wrap around each other to form a double helix.
• Why is DNA referred to as genetic material?

  Because it determines our inherited features.
• What is a genome?

  • The entire genetic material of an organism
  • For humans, it is the complete set of genetic information that makes a human
• Where are chromosomes found in cells?

  Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of cells.
• What is a gene?

  A small section of DNA on a chromosome.
• How many genes does chromosome 9 have?

  Chromosome 9 has well over 700 different genes.
• What is the relationship between genes and proteins?

  Genes encode sequences of amino acids to produce specific proteins.
• What are the benefits of understanding the human genome?

  • Helps search for genes linked to diseases (e.g., cancer, Alzheimer's)
  • Aids in understanding and treating inherited disorders (e.g., cystic fibrosis)
  • Traces human migration patterns and ancestry
• How does understanding the human genome contribute to medical research?

  It helps identify disease-linked genes and develop treatments for inherited disorders.
• What is the structure of DNA?

  DNA is a double helix made up of two complementary strands.
• What is meant by complementary strands in DNA?

  Complementary strands are the two DNA strands that pair specific bases together.
• What is DNA's role in cells?

  DNA is the genetic material contained in chromosomes in the nucleus.
• What are the main components of a nucleotide?

  • Phosphate group
  • Sugar molecule
  • Base
• Why do the phosphate group and sugar molecule in DNA remain unchanged?

  They provide a stable backbone for the DNA structure.
• What are the four different bases found in DNA?

  • Adenine (A)
  • Cytosine (C)
  • Guanine (G)
  • Thymine (T)
• How do the bases pair in DNA strands?

  C pairs with G and A pairs with T.
• If given the nucleotide sequence of one DNA strand, what can you determine about the opposite strand?

  You can determine the complementary nucleotide sequence on the opposite strand.
• What is the significance of the complementary nature of DNA strands?

  • Ensures accurate replication
  • Allows for proper transcription during protein synthesis
  • Maintains genetic information integrity