Protein Synthesis (T)

• What are the two stages of protein synthesis?

  Transcription and translation
• What is the role of DNA in protein synthesis?

  • DNA contains the instructions for protein synthesis
  • The sequence of bases in DNA determines the order of amino acids in proteins
• What are the four different nucleotides in DNA?

  A, T, G, and C
• How do the strands of DNA pair with each other?

  A pairs with T and C pairs with G
• What determines the shape and function of a protein?

  • The specific order of amino acids
  • The shape of the protein determines its function
• How many different amino acids are there in humans?

  20
• How does the order of amino acids relate to protein function?

  The order of amino acids determines the protein's shape and function
• What is the process of transcription in protein synthesis?

  • The base sequence of the gene is copied into a complementary template
  • The template is called messenger RNA (mRNA)
• What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

  mRNA carries the genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosome
• What happens during the translation stage of protein synthesis?

  • mRNA attaches to a ribosome
  • Amino acids are brought to the ribosome by transfer RNA (tRNA)
  • The ribosome reads the triplets of bases on the mRNA to join amino acids in the correct order
• What are the carrier molecules that bring amino acids to the ribosome called?

  Transfer RNA (tRNA)
• What is the significance of the unique shape of a protein?

  The shape enables a protein to do its job
• How does the process of protein synthesis begin in a cell?

  • The cell reads the DNA sequence
  • The base sequence is copied into mRNA during transcription