2019/2020

Cards (50)

  • What type of modality of stimulus does the somatosensory system respond to?
    All of the above
  • Which statement is FALSE about mammalian low threshold primary sensory neurons?
    They have cell bodies in the spinal cord ventral horn
  • What are the functions of the diencephalon?
    • Initiates motor control paradigms
    • Regulates posture and balance
    • Locus of sensory integration prior to the thalamus
    • Integrates activities of the autonomic nervous system
    • Autonomic centre for regulation of visceral function
  • What is the adequate stimulus for proprioceptors?
    Muscle tension
  • What occurs during temporal summation in a postsynaptic neuron?
    Several EPSPs from a single presynaptic input sum over time to reach threshold
  • What partially contributes to the membrane potential of any living cell?
    A membrane that is leaky to potassium conductance
  • Which statement is TRUE for both active and facilitated diffusion?
    Both are bidirectional
  • Which statement is FALSE about the cell membrane?
    It is made up of a phospholipid monolayer
  • Which statement is FALSE about mitochondrion of a cell?
    All cells have equal number of mitochondrion but the size may vary from cell to cell
  • Which statement is TRUE about lysosomes?
    They are formed by breaking off from the Golgi bodies
  • Which organelle produces microtubules?
    Centrosome
  • What are the microfilaments of the cytoskeletal network of human cells made of?
    Actin
  • What are the normal ranges for white blood cells in a normal person?
    • Total white blood cell count: 4 – 11 x 10^6 /ml
    • Eosinophils: 1 – 4 x 10^9 /L
    • Lymphocytes: 1.5 – 3.5 x 10^12/L
    • Monocytes: 7 – 15% of total white blood cell count
  • Which component constitutes about 43% of the blood volume?
    Erythrocytes
  • What is essential for the arrest of bleeding?
    All of the above
  • Which cell type carries a memory of previously encountered antigen?
    Lymphocytes
  • Where does the cardiac conduction sequence start?
    Sino-atrial node
  • Which of the following is NOT part of the mechanical events in the cardiac cycle?
    Dichrotic notch
  • Which layer in a blood vessel contains most smooth muscle cells?
    Tunica media
  • Which blood vessel transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium?
    Pulmonary vein
  • Which blood vessel layer is thicker in an artery than a vein?
    Tunica media
  • What is the most important factor determining the resistance of an arteriole?
    Radius
  • How many genetically different gametes could theoretically be produced in humans due to independent assortment?
    More than 8 million
  • How often do single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) occur in the human genome?
    One in every 1,000 nucleotides
  • During which phase of the cell cycle are chromosomes duplicated?
    S phase
  • During which stages of mitosis are chromosomes each composed of two chromatids?
    Metaphase and telophase
  • What are Okazaki fragments?
    Short pieces of DNA found on the lagging strand
  • How many hydrogen bonds pair adenine to thymine?
    2 hydrogen bonds
  • What modification is made to mRNA in eukaryotes?
    Splicing of introns
  • What is the minimum volume of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal expiration called?
    Residual volume
  • Which cells in the respiratory system secrete surfactant?
    Type II alveolar cells
  • What is the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood normally about?
    100 mmHg (13 KPa)
  • What do peripheral chemoreceptors mainly respond to?
    Increased [H+] concentration in arterial blood
  • Where is approximately 65% of filtered water and sodium reabsorbed?
    Proximal tubule
  • What is usually accepted as the best overall index of kidney function?
    Glomerular filtration rate
  • Which chemical is freely filtered by the kidney and not reabsorbed?
    Creatinine
  • What does urine normally NOT contain?
    Glucose
  • What is the liquid-filled sac that protects and buffers a developing embryo called?
    Amnion
  • What process is termed the “fast block to polyspermy”?
    Membrane depolarisation
  • Which tissue is NOT formed from embryonic neural crest cells?
    Cardiomyocytes