How to find the empirical formula from percentages?
Write the percentages and their atomic mass. Divide the percentage by the atomic mass. The lowest of all of these number you should divide this number by the others. The data you have recieved is the number of that element in the compound e.g
Write the mass and atomic number down. Divide the mass by the atomic number. The lowest of these number should divide the others to get a value. These values show the amount of atoms in one molecule of that substance
Describe the apparatus used in simple distillation
Bunson burner
Round-bottom flask with bung
Condenser
Beak
Thermometer
Water source and tubes
Round-bottom flask placed above the bunson burner with a bung and thermometer attatch to it. The round bottom flask connect to the condenser with streams of water entering and leaving. The condenser leads into a beaker
The condenser has a stream of cold water entering and leaving to allow the gas form of a substance to cool down and condense and drop into the beaker as a distillate
The solution is heated and boils the solvent (lowest boiling point). The gas rises and enters the condenser where it cools down and turn into a liquid. It then enters the beaker as a distillate.
Describe the apparatus used in fractional distillation?
Round bottom flask with bung
Buson burner
Conndenser
Thermometer
Fractionating column
Beaker
The round bottom flask placed over the bunson burner with a fractionating column attached to it. The thermometer and bung as placed at the top of the column. The condenser is joined with the fractionating column with streams of water going in and out. The condenser leads to a beaker which holds the distillate
The fractionating column helps prevents solvents that are not wanting to be seperated to be separated. It contains many small glass rods. As the first solvent in gas form rises the the top the fractionating column heats up the that temperature. If any other solvents evaporate they will condense and sink down due to the temperature