Ionic Bonding

• What is ionic bonding?

  Electrostatic attraction between charged ions
• How does ionic bonding occur?

  Electrons are transferred between atoms
• What happens to a metal atom during ionic bonding?

  It loses one or more electrons
• What is the charge of a sodium ion after losing an electron?

  +1
• What is the charge of a chloride ion after gaining an electron?

  -1
• What forms when sodium reacts with chlorine?

  Sodium chloride (NaCl)
• What is a lattice structure in ionic compounds?

  Repeating pattern of ions in a solid
• How do sodium ions and chloride ions combine?

  They form sodium chloride through ionic bonding
• What do Group 1 elements form when they lose electrons?

  +1 cations
• What do Group 2 elements form when they lose electrons?

  +2 cations
• What do Group 6 elements gain to form anions?

  2 electrons
• What do Group 7 elements gain to form anions?

  1 electron
• What is a compound ion?

  Group of atoms with an overall charge
• What are some examples of compound ions and their charges?

  • Ammonium (NH₄⁺): +1
  • Carbonate (CO₃^2-): -2
  • Hydroxide (OH^-): -1
  • Nitrate (NO₃^-): -1
  • Sulfate (SO₄^2-): -2
• What is sodium nitrate used for?

  Commonly used as a fertilizer
• How is sodium nitrate formed?

  By bonding sodium ion with nitrate ion
• What must balance in ionic bonding?

  Total positive charge and total negative charge
• What happens to magnesium in magnesium oxide?

  It loses two electrons to form Mg²⁺
• What happens to oxygen in magnesium oxide?

  It gains two electrons to form O^2-
• How do magnesium ions and oxide ions bond?

  They pair to form a neutral compound
• Do ionic compounds conduct electricity when solid?

  No, they do not conduct electricity
• When can ionic compounds conduct electricity?

  When molten or dissolved in solution
• Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?

  Due to strong electrostatic forces of attraction
• Are ionic compounds soluble in water?

  Many ionic compounds are soluble
• Why are ionic compounds insoluble in nonpolar solvents?

  Nonpolar solvents cannot separate the ions
• How do dissolved ionic compounds conduct electricity?

  Mobile ions carry electrical charge in solution
• Why do ionic bonds result in high melting points?

  Significant energy is needed to break bonds
• What is the melting point of NaCl?

  About 801°C
• Why are many ionic compounds soluble in water?

  Water's polarity attracts and separates ions
• What happens during the dissolution of ionic compounds in water?

  Water molecules pull ions apart from lattice
• What energy change occurs when water surrounds ions?

  Releases energy to break ionic bonds
• What is the role of water molecules in dissolving ionic compounds?

  They surround and separate the ions
• How does the attraction of water molecules to ions work?

  Positive side attracts negative ions, vice versa
• What is the significance of the rigid lattice structure in ionic compounds?

  It requires a lot of energy to disrupt
• What is the effect of ionic bonding on the properties of ionic compounds?

  It leads to high melting points and solubility
• How do the properties of ionic compounds relate to their structure?

  Strong bonds lead to high melting points