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Chemistry
Physical 1
Kinetics
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Created by
Noah
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Cards (30)
What must reactant particles do for a chemical reaction to occur?
Collide with
one another
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Why do not all collisions result in a reaction?
Only a fraction lead to
product formation
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What is activation energy (E<sub>a</sub>)?
The minimum energy required for a
reaction
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What happens if particles collide with energy less than E<sub>a</sub>?
They
bounce
off
without
reacting
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What is the progress of a chemical reaction in terms of energy?
Energy
barrier
must be overcome
Bonds are
stretched
New bonds formed, releasing energy
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What does a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution illustrate?
The spread of
gas molecule
speeds
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How do gas molecules move in a container according to Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution?
They move at
different speeds
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What does the peak of a Maxwell-Boltzmann curve represent?
The most likely
energy
of a molecule
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What does the area under the Maxwell-Boltzmann curve represent?
All the
gas molecules
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What happens to the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve at higher temperatures?
It
flattens
and
broadens
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How does temperature affect the proportion of molecules with activation energy?
More molecules have energy ≥
E<sub>a</sub>
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What is the effect of higher concentration or pressure on reaction rate?
Increases likelihood of
collisions
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How does the shape of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve change with concentration?
The
curve height
increases
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What do catalysts do to the activation energy of a reaction?
They
lower
the activation energy
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How do catalysts affect the rate of reaction?
They increase the rate of reaction
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What is the Haber process used for?
Synthesizing
ammonia
(
NH₃
)
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What role does the iron catalyst play in the Haber process?
It lowers the
activation energy
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What are the two main types of catalysts?
Homogeneous catalysts: same
phase
as
reactants
Heterogeneous catalysts: different phase than reactants
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What is an example of a homogeneous catalyst?
Acid catalysis
in
esterification
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What is an example of a heterogeneous catalyst?
Iron
in the
Haber process
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What do catalytic converters do in cars?
Convert
harmful
gases into less harmful
substances
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How do catalysts affect the overall enthalpy change (ΔH) of a reaction?
They
do not
alter the overall ΔH
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How does a lower activation energy affect the proportion of molecules that can react?
More
molecules
have
enough
energy
to
react
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What is the rate of reaction?
Measures how quickly
reactants
are consumed
Measures how quickly
products
are formed
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How does the concentration of reactants change during a reaction?
It decreases over
time
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What happens to the reaction rate as reactant concentrations decrease?
The reaction rate
slows down
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What is the reaction between sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid?
Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>
+ 2HCl → 2NaCl +
SO<sub>2</sub>
+ S + H<sub>2</sub>O
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What visual change indicates the progress of the reaction between sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid?
The solution becomes
cloudy
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What should be recorded during the reaction experiment?
The time for the
cross
to disappear
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How does temperature affect the time for the cross to disappear?
Higher
temperatures
decrease
the time
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