Muscular System

• What are the three types of muscles in the human body?

  Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
• What type of movement does cardiac muscle produce?

  Involuntary movement
• Where is cardiac muscle found?

  In the heart wall
• What type of control is skeletal muscle under?

  Conscious control
• What is the primary function of skeletal muscles?

  To move limbs
• What type of movement does smooth muscle produce?

  Involuntary movement
• Where is smooth muscle primarily found?

  In internal body systems
• What role do skeletal muscles play at synovial joints?

  Support and stabilize the joints
• What is muscle tone?

  Holds the body in position
• How do skeletal muscles produce heat?

  By contracting and relaxing
• What happens to the body temperature during exercise?

  Body temperature rises
• What is an antagonistic pair of muscles?

  Two muscles that work together
• What is the agonist muscle?

  The muscle that contracts
• What is a concentric contraction?

  Muscle gets shorter and fatter
• What is an eccentric contraction?

  Muscle gets longer and thinner
• What is an isotonic contraction?

  Muscle shortens or lengthens
• What do slow twitch muscle fibers specialize in?

  Endurance
• What is an isometric contraction?

  Muscle stays the same length
• How do slow twitch fibers differ from fast twitch fibers?

  They contract and relax slowly
• What is myoglobin's role in slow twitch fibers?

  Brings oxygen into muscle cells
• What is the primary function of fast twitch fibers?

  Very high intensity activity
• How quickly do fast twitch fibers contract compared to slow twitch fibers?

  Three times more quickly
• What happens to fast twitch fibers during prolonged activity?

  They tire quickly
• What is the genetic control of muscle fiber ratios?

  Determines fast to slow twitch ratio
• What is oxygen debt?

  Need for oxygen after strenuous exercise
• What is the role of the respiratory system during exercise?

  Increases oxygen intake
• What is the role of the circulatory system during exercise?

  Increases blood flow to muscles
• What happens to glycogen during aerobic exercise?

  It is broken down for ATP
• What is produced as a waste product during aerobic exercise?

  Carbon dioxide
• What is the primary energy system used during a 100 m sprint?

  Alactic anaerobic energy system
• What is the primary energy system used during a marathon?

  Aerobic energy system
• What are the three energy systems used by muscles?

  • Alactic anaerobic system
  • Lactic acid anaerobic system
  • Aerobic energy system
• What are the effects of anaerobic exercise on muscle energy?

  • Alactic system: 1 sec ATP, 9 sec CP
  • Lactic acid system: 40 sec ATP
  • Leads to fatigue from lactic acid build-up
• What are the effects of aerobic exercise on muscle energy?

  • Uses glycogen and fats for ATP
  • Produces carbon dioxide as waste
  • Can continue until glycogen is depleted
• What is the relationship between exercise intensity and energy systems?

  • Short, intense: Alactic system
  • Moderate: Aerobic system
  • Varies by duration and intensity
• What are the short-term effects of exercise on the muscular system?

  • Increased nutrient and oxygen demand
  • Body temperature rises
  • Muscles contract more frequently
• What is the role of muscle fibers in sports performance?

  • Slow twitch: Endurance activities
  • Fast twitch: High-intensity activities
  • Genetic control of fiber ratios
• What is the importance of muscle tone?

  • Maintains posture
  • Stabilizes joints
  • Supports body positions
• How do muscles produce heat during exercise?

  • Through contraction and relaxation
  • Helps maintain body temperature
  • Dispersed via blood to skin
• What is the significance of muscle contractions in sports?

  • Enable movement
  • Support joint stability
  • Produce heat for body temperature regulation