Ultrasound

• What is the frequency range of ultrasound?

  Above 20,000 Hertz
• How do some animals like bats use ultrasound?

  For communication or echolocation
• How do humans produce ultrasound?

  Using electrical devices
• What happens when ultrasound hits a boundary between two mediums?

  Some waves are reflected, some transmitted
• What is the process called when only some ultrasound waves are reflected?

  Partial reflection
• How can we determine the distance to a boundary using ultrasound?

  By knowing speed and time of reflection
• Why is ultrasound considered safe?

  It does not involve radiation
• What is a common use of ultrasound in medicine?

  Scanning fetuses
• How does an ultrasound device work during prenatal scanning?

  It transmits and receives sound waves
• What happens to ultrasound waves when they pass from one medium to another?

  Some waves are reflected back
• How are echoes processed in ultrasound imaging?

  By a computer to produce images
• What is the industrial application of ultrasound?

  Checking the quality of products
• How do ultrasound waves behave in a solid object?

  They pass through and reflect at boundaries
• What indicates a fault in an object during ultrasound testing?

  Unexpected reflected waves
• What is echo sounding also known as?

  Sonar
• How does a submarine use ultrasound?

  To detect objects in the ocean
• If ultrasound travels at $1400 \text{ m/s}$ and takes $6 \text{ seconds}$ to return, what is the distance to the seafloor?


  $4200 \text{ meters}$
• Why do we divide the total distance by two in sonar calculations?

  To account for the return trip of waves
• What are the main applications of ultrasound technology?

  • Prenatal scanning
  • Industrial imaging
  • Sonar for detecting objects
• What are the key processes involved in ultrasound imaging?

  1. Sound wave generation
  2. Wave reflection and transmission
  3. Echo processing by a computer
  4. Image production
• What are the advantages of using ultrasound in medical and industrial fields?

  • Non-invasive
  • Safe (no radiation)
  • Real-time imaging
  • Detects internal structures