Bonding Structure and the Properties of Matter

• What are typical properties of transition elements?

  they are good conductors.of heat and electricity. they can be hammered or bent into shape easily. they have high melting points.
• What do theories of bonding explain?

  How atoms are held together in structures
• What are the three types of strong chemical bonds?

  Ionic, covalent, and metallic
• What particles are involved in ionic bonding?

  Oppositely charged ions
• How are Covalent Bonds Formed?

  A covalent bond is formed when a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms.
• In which compounds does ionic bonding occur?

  Compounds formed from metals and non-metals
• In which compounds does covalent bonding occur?

  Most non-metallic elements and compounds
• In which compounds does metallic bonding occur?

  Metallic elements and alloys
• What happens to electrons during ionic bonding?

  Electrons are transferred from metal to non-metal
• What do metal atoms become after losing electrons?

  Positively charged ions
• What do non-metal atoms become after gaining electrons?

  Negatively charged ions
• How can the electron transfer in ionic compounds be represented?

  By a dot and cross diagram

  
• How can students work out the charge on ions?

  From the group number of the element
• What is an ionic compound?

  A compound made up of charged particles called ions this compound is between metals and non-metals and its where Electrons are Transferred.
• How are ionic compounds held together?

  By strong electrostatic forces of attraction
• How can students deduce if a compound is ionic?

  From a diagram of its structure
• What are the limitations of dot and cross diagrams?

  They may not accurately represent giant structures
• What is a characteristic of covalent bonds?

  Atoms share pairs of electrons
• What are some examples of giant covalent structures?

  Diamond and silicon dioxide
• How can covalent bonds in molecules be represented?

  Using a line to represent a single bond And two lines for two Bonds
• What should students be able to draw for small molecules?

  Dot and cross diagrams for specified molecules
• What are the limitations of using diagrams to represent molecules?

  They may not accurately depict giant structures
• What is the structure of metals?

  Giant structures of atoms in a regular pattern
• What happens to the electrons in metal atoms?

  They are delocalised and free to move

  
• What are the three states of matter?

  Solid, liquid, and gas
• What occurs at the melting point?

  Melting - Change in state ( Solid to Liquid )
• What occurs at the boiling point?

  Boiling and condensing take place
• What does the amount of energy needed to change state depend on?

  The strength of forces between particles
• How does the type of bonding affect the properties of substances?

  Stronger forces lead to higher melting and boiling points
• What are state symbols in chemical equations?

  (s), (l), (g), and (aq)
• What is the structure of ionic compounds?

  Regular structures called giant ionic lattices
• What are the properties of ionic compounds?

  Strong electrostatic forces of attraction
• How do ionic compounds behave in a lattice?

  They are held together by ionic bonding
• What is the significance of the electrostatic forces in ionic compounds?

  They hold the ions together in all directions
• What is the relationship between bonding and the properties of substances?

  Bonding determines the physical and chemical properties
• How do ionic compounds differ from covalent compounds? (IN TERMS OF ELECTRONS)

  Ionic compounds transfer electrons, covalent share electrons
• What is the significance of polymers in covalent bonding?

  They consist of repeating units of covalent bonds
• What is the role of delocalised electrons in metallic bonding?

  They allow electrons to move freely

  
• What are the three states of matter represented in chemical equations?

  (s), (l), (g), and (aq)
• Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

  Strong bonds require large amounts of energy