Uses of Genetics

• What is selective breeding?

  Breeding plants or animals for traits
• What are the four uses of selective breeding?

  1. Greater meat or milk production
  2. Bigger or unusual flowers
  3. A good, gentle temperament in dogs
  4. Disease resistance in crops
• Why have humans used selective breeding for thousands of years?

  To enhance desirable traits in organisms
• What is a potential downside of selective breeding?

  It can lead to inbreeding
• What is genetic engineering?

  Transferring genes between organisms
• What are three uses of genetic engineering?

  1. Human insulin genes in bacteria
  2. Genes for better fruit in crops
  3. Genes for resistance in crops
• How does genetic engineering benefit insulin production?

  It transfers insulin genes to bacteria
• What is a benefit of transferring genes for better fruit?

  It improves the quality of crops
• What is a benefit of transferring genes for resistance in crops?

  It helps crops resist insects and diseases
• What are the pros of GM crops?

  • Greater yields
  • Helps with nutrient-deficient diets
  • Already being grown without problems
• What are the cons of GM crops?

  • Could reduce biodiversity
  • Concerns about human health effects
  • Transplanted genes may spread into the wild
• How do the pros and cons of GM crops compare?

  Pros focus on yield; cons on risks