Wundt

• What is the scientific method used to study?

  Human consciousness and behaviour
• What does testing in the scientific method involve?

  Objective, standardised, and replicable processes
• How did Wundt distance psychology from philosophy?

  By establishing it as a scientific discipline
• When did Wundt open the first psychological lab?

  In Leipzig, 1879
• What was the aim of Wundt's psychological lab?

  To establish cause and effect relationships
• What is standardisation in psychological research?

  Controlling variables for replicability
• What journal did Wundt write?

  Philosophische Studien
• Why is sharing knowledge important in psychology?

  It allows for replication, reliability, and falsification
• What are the differences between structuralist and functionalist approaches?

  • Structuralist: Investigates components of consciousness
  • Functionalist: Investigates purpose of components
• What method did Wundt use for introspection?

  Participants reported conscious experiences
• What was a strength of Wundt's introspection method?

  Laid foundations for the cognitive approach
• What did Griffith use Wundt's method for in 1994?

  To investigate cognitive processes in gamblers
• What is a weakness of introspection according to Nisbett and Wilson?

  Not all mental processes are consciously accessible
• What did Freud argue about mental processes?

  Most operate on a subconscious level
• Why did B.F. Skinner and John Watson criticize introspection?

  It focused on unobservable mental processes
• What did Skinner and Watson claim about Wundt's lab findings?

  They were unreliable when replicated