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week 2 lesson cards
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What is the focus of Week 2 in PSY101?
How we construct our
sense of self
What is the self-concept?
Our
personal
understanding of our characteristics
How do we learn about ourselves according to the study material?
By observing our own
behaviour
and emotions
What does self-perception theory state?
We use our
behaviour
as a basis for inference
How can imagined behaviours influence self-perception?
They can serve as
input
for self-perception processes
What role do thoughts and feelings play in learning about ourselves?
They help interpret our
personality
and self-concept
How can attending a friend's wedding reveal more about oneself?
It may highlight
feelings
of
loss
and
envy
What is the 'Looking Glass Effect'?
Learning who we are through interactions with others
What did the Miller, Brickman, & Bolen (1975) study demonstrate?
Labels influence self-concept and behaviour
What is social comparison theory?
People learn about themselves by comparing to others
How can social comparisons affect self-esteem?
They can be
self-enhancing
or
self-deprecating
What are self-enhancing biases?
Tendencies to inflate abilities and accomplishments
How does upbringing influence self-esteem?
It is influenced by parenting styles
What is self-esteem?
A person's positive or negative evaluation of themselves
What is emotion-focused coping?
Dealing with emotional responses to threats
What is
self-monitoring
?
Degree of sensitivity to
social demands
What is problem-focused coping?
Addressing the source of the
stress
directly
What is the effect of major failures on self-concept?
They can
threaten
our sense of self
What is the role of self-expression in social situations?
To communicate who we
believe
we are
What is the impact of
self-concept
on
openness
to new
information
?
It makes us less open to new information
How does self-knowledge influence perception of others?
It serves as a
framework
for perceiving others
What is the fundamental attribution error?
Under-emphasizing
situational
causes for others' behaviour
What is self-presentation?
Behaviours intended to create desired impressions
How do coping strategies help in defending the self?
They reduce negative consequences of self-threatening events
What is the impact of parenting styles on self-esteem?
They
influence
self-esteem development
What is the role of self-monitoring in social situations?
To control the image presented to others
What is the definition of self-awareness?
Heightened awareness of the self
How do cultural differences shape self-concept coherence?
Independent cultures see self as separate, interdependent as connected
How does selective memory influence self-concept?
It confirms our existing self-view
What is the definition of appraisal in psychology?
Interpretation of a
self-relevant
event
What is the definition of self-esteem?
Positive or negative
evaluation
of oneself
How does self-enhancing bias affect self-evaluation?
It leads to overly positive evaluations of
oneself
How do coping strategies differ in focus?
Emotion-focused
deals with feelings,
problem-focused
with stress source
What are coping strategies?
Efforts to reduce
negative
consequences of threats
What is
self-awareness
?
A heightened awareness of the self
How do cultural differences affect self-concept coherence?
Independent
cultures see self as separate,
interdependent
as connected
What is a self-schema?
A framework for organizing
self-knowledge
What are actor-observer differences in attribution?
Seeing
personality
as cause for others,
situation
for self
What is the difference between upward and downward social comparison?
Upward compares to those above in
status
, downward below
How do we learn about others compared to
ourselves
?
We have more knowledge about ourselves than others