chapter 3

• What do the animals spend summer doing?

  Harvesting in the fields
• How do the pigs contribute to the animals' work?

  They think of ways to use humans' tools
• Who shirks their duties during the harvest?

  Mollie and the cat
• What is Boxer's personal motto?

  I will work harder!
• How is Boxer perceived by the animal community?

  He is revered for his dedication and strength
• Which animal recognizes no change under the new leadership?

  Benjamin, the obstinate donkey
• What do the animals do every Sunday?

  Hold a flag-raising ceremony
• What does the flag's green background represent?

  The fields of England
• What do the white hoof and horn symbolize on the flag?

  The animals
• What do the morning rituals include?

  A democratic meeting to establish policies
• Who voices the loudest opinions at the meetings?

  Snowball and Napoleon
• What happens to Snowball's committees?


  Most fail to accomplish their aims
• Which committee meets with some success?

  The classes to teach reading and writing
• By the end of summer, what do all animals achieve?

  Some degree of literacy
• Which animals become fluent in reading and writing?

  The pigs
• What can some of the dogs learn?

  To read the Seven Commandments
• What can Muriel the goat read?

  Scraps of newspaper
• What does Clover know how to do?

  Know the alphabet
• What letter does Boxer never get beyond?

  The letter D
• What does Snowball reduce the Seven Commandments to?

  Four legs good, two legs bad
• How do the birds react to Snowball's maxim?

  They take offense until explained
• What do the other animals do with Snowball's maxim?

  Accept it without argument
• What do the sheep begin to do with the maxim?

  Chant it at random times
• What is Napoleon's attitude towards Snowball's committees?

  He takes no interest in them
• What does Napoleon do with the puppies?

  Takes them into his own care
• Where does Napoleon raise the puppies?

  In a loft above the harness room
• What do the animals discover about the pigs' behavior?

  Pigs take all the milk and apples
• What does Squealer explain to the animals about milk and apples?

  Pigs need them to think well
• What does Squealer hint might happen if pigs don't get milk and apples?

  1. Jones might come back
• How do the other animals react to Squealer's explanation?

  They agree to forgo milk and apples
• What are the key components of the animals' summer activities?

  • Harvesting in the fields
  • Using humans' tools
  • Participation according to capacity
  • Resulting harvest exceeds previous years
• What are the main themes presented in the animals' governance and education?

  • Democratic meetings for policy establishment
  • Snowball's committees and their varying success
  • Literacy achievements among animals
  • Squealer's manipulation of information
• How does Boxer’s motto compare to Jurgis Rudkus’s motto in The Jungle?

  Both express a commitment to hard work
• What does Boxer’s commitment to socialism signify in the context of Animal Farm?

  It reflects his blind faith in the system
• What does Jurgis Rudkus’s motto signify about his capitalist society?

  It reflects his pursuit of personal success
• How does Orwell link capitalism and totalitarian communism through Boxer and Jurgis?

  Both systems ignore the suffering of the virtuous
• What does the varying literacy among the animals suggest in Animal Farm?

  Sharing information is necessary for freedom
• What do the pigs attempt to teach the other animals?

  The basics of reading and writing
• What is the consequence of the pigs becoming the sole guardians of knowledge?

  It creates a dangerous imbalance in knowledge
• What is the condensed slogan created by the pigs?

  “Four legs good, two legs bad”