Physics

• What is the definition of voltage?

  Work done per unit charge
• What happens to charged particles in an electric field?

  They experience a force
• What is the formula for capacitance?

  $C =$$\frac{Q}{V}$
• What is the relationship between energy and charge in a capacitor?

  Energy is stored as charge potential
• What is the formula for energy stored in a capacitor?

  $E =$$\frac{1}{2}QV$
• What is the effect of charging and discharging cycles on current?

  Current varies with time during cycles
• What is the definition of critical angle?

  Angle producing refraction of 90°
• What occurs during total internal reflection?

  Light reflects entirely within a medium
• What is the formula for critical angle?

  $\sin \theta_c =$$\frac{1}{n}$
• What is the relationship between rms and peak values in AC?

  Rms is less than peak value
• What is the formula for calculating frequency from period?

  $f =$$\frac{1}{T}$
• What is the definition of electromotive force (EMF)?

  Energy supplied per unit charge
• What is internal resistance in a circuit?

  Resistance within the source of EMF
• What is the formula for calculating lost volts?

  $V =$$E - t.p.d.$
• What is the relationship between charge and potential difference in a capacitor?

  Charge is proportional to potential difference
• What is the formula for energy stored in a capacitor?

  $E =$$\frac{1}{2}CV^2$
• What is the effect of time on charging and discharging cycles of a capacitor?

  Current changes over time during cycles
• What is the definition of a capacitor?

  A device that stores electrical energy
• What is the relationship between capacitance and charge stored?

  Higher capacitance stores more charge
• What is the unit of capacitance?

  Farad
• What is the effect of potential difference on a capacitor?

  Higher potential difference increases stored charge
• What is the formula for charge in terms of current and time?

  $Q =$$It$
• What is the relationship between energy and charge in a capacitor?

  Energy is stored as charge potential
• What is the formula for energy stored in a capacitor?

  $E =$$\frac{1}{2}QV$
• What is the formula for EMF and internal resistance?

  $V =$$IR +$$Ir$
• What does the experiment measure regarding a cell?

  EMF and internal resistance
• How is EMF, internal resistance, and short circuit current determined?

  • Using graphical analysis
  • Analyzing current-voltage relationships
• What does a capacitor of 1 farad store at 1 volt?

  1 coulomb of charge
• What relationship is used to solve problems involving capacitance?

  $Q =$$CV$
• How is charge stored on a capacitor calculated for a constant charging current?

  $Q =$$It$
• What does the area under a charge-potential difference graph represent?

  Total energy stored in a capacitor
• What relationships are used to solve problems involving energy, charge, capacitance, and potential difference?

  $E =$$\frac{1}{2}QV =$$\frac{1}{2}CV^2 =$$\frac{Q^2}{2C}$
• What is the behavior of current and potential difference in an RC circuit during charging and discharging?

  They vary with time
• How do resistance and capacitance affect charging and discharging curves in an RC circuit?

  They influence the rate of change
• What experiments can investigate current and voltage variation in capacitors?

  • Charging experiments
  • Discharging experiments
  • Measuring current and voltage over time
• What are the conduction band and valence band?

  Energy bands in solids
• How are solids categorized based on their ability to conduct electricity?

  By their band structure
• What is required for a solid to be conductive?

  Free electrons and accessible empty states
• How do the electrical properties of conductors, insulators, and semiconductors differ?

  Based on electron population in bands
• What happens to electrons in atoms when they form solids?

  They become contained in energy bands