Energy Changes

Cards (24)

  • What occurs at the cathode during electrolysis?
    Positively charged ions gain electrons
  • What occurs at the anode during electrolysis?
    Negatively charged ions lose electrons
  • How are reactions at electrodes represented?
    By half equations
  • Write the half equation for hydrogen production at the cathode.
    2H+ + 2e-H2
  • Write the half equation for oxygen production at the anode.
    4OH- → O2 + 2H2O + 4e-
  • What is the role of energy changes in chemical reactions?
    They involve breaking and forming bonds
  • What type of reaction releases energy to the surroundings?
    Exothermic reactions
  • What type of reaction absorbs energy from the surroundings?
    Endothermic reactions
  • What happens to the temperature of surroundings in exothermic reactions?
    The temperature increases
  • What happens to the temperature of surroundings in endothermic reactions?
    The temperature decreases
  • Give an example of an exothermic reaction.
    Combustion reactions
  • Give an example of an endothermic reaction.
    Photosynthesis thermal decomposition and the melting of ice
  • What is activation energy?
    The minimum energy needed for a reaction
  • What do reaction profiles show in chemical reactions?
    • Relative energies of reactants and products
    • Activation energy
    • Overall energy change of the reaction
  • How can you identify if a reaction is exothermic or endothermic using reaction profiles?
    By observing the temperature change of surroundings
  • What is the overall energy change in an exothermic reaction?
    Energy released is greater than energy needed
  • What is the overall energy change in an endothermic reaction?
    Energy needed is greater than energy released
  • What do cells contain that produces electricity?
    Chemicals that react
  • What factors affect the voltage produced by a cell?
    Type of electrode and electrolyte
  • What is a simple cell made of?
    Two different metals and an electrolyte
  • What is the difference between non-rechargeable and rechargeable batteries?
    Rechargeable batteries can reverse chemical reactions
  • What is the overall reaction in a hydrogen fuel cell?
    Oxidation of hydrogen to produce water
  • What is a potential advantage of hydrogen fuel cells?
    They offer an alternative to rechargeable batteries
  • What must students be able to write for hydrogen fuel cells?
    Half equations for the electrode reactions