Therapeutic modalities

• What does therapeutic intervention aim to achieve?

  Prevent, cure, or alleviate disease states
• Why is distinguishing between disease and affliction important?

  It drives policy and medical practice
• How does the WHO define health?

  A state of complete wellbeing
• What does Caplan (1993) state about health?

  Health is functioning in conformity with natural design
• Why is health considered a dynamic state?

  It satisfies demands of life across contexts
• What are the two extremes of disease definitions?

  • Naturalistic view: Abnormal functioning of systems
  • Normative view: Disagreeable or harmful conditions
• What does the term 'disvalue' refer to in disease?

  Negative impact associated with disease
• What are lifestyle drugs?

  Medications to enhance personal life quality
• What is the most common drug target?

  Receptors
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of conventional therapeutic drugs?

  Advantages:

  • Patient acceptability
  • Widespread application
  • Oral delivery

  
  

  Disadvantages:

  • Diminishing pipeline
  • Side effects
• What is drug toxicity?

  Degree to which a substance can damage
• What is the ideal property of a drug regarding side effects?

  Minimal side effects
• What are the typical constituents of the chemical structure of a drug?

  • Carrier group
  • Vulnerable groups
  • Pharmacophore
• What is the definition of serendipity in drug discovery?

  Occurrence of events by chance beneficially
• What is the role of rational drug design?

  To create drugs based on specific targets
• What are the key factors in defining disease?

  • Disvalue (normative view)
  • Phenomenology (naturalistic view)
  • Aetiology (cause)
• What is the primary aim of therapeutic intervention?

  Minimise the disvalue associated with disease
• What is the significance of measuring therapeutic outcomes?

  To assess drug efficacy and effectiveness
• What is the definition of pharmacology?

  Branch of medical science for treatment application
• What are the leading therapeutic classes by global pharmaceutical sales in 2014?

  1. Oncologics: $74.4 billion
  2. Antidiabetics: $63.6 billion
  3. Pain: $59.8 billion
  4. Antihypertensives: $47.5 billion
  5. Antibacterials: $40.3 billion
• What is the role of drug screening?

  To evaluate potential drug candidates
• What is the significance of drug development costs?

  They impact the availability of new drugs
• What is the definition of a drug?

  A substance used for medical treatment
• What is the importance of druglikeness?

  Determines if a compound can be a good drug
• How does drug toxicity manifest?

  As side effects, adverse reactions, or death
• What is the significance of the pharmacophore in drug design?

  Interacts with target proteins or receptors
• What is the typical form of most drugs?

  Solid