Reducing Unwanted Energy Transfers

• What is the process of conduction?

  Energy transfer through vibrating particles
• How do particles behave during conduction?

  They transfer energy to neighboring particles
• What is convection?

  Movement of energetic particles from hot to cold
• What happens to particles during convection?

  Energetic particles move to cooler regions
• What is a frictional force?

  Force acting between moving gears
• How does lubrication affect energy transfer?

  It reduces frictional force and energy dissipation
• What is thermal insulation?

  Material that reduces unwanted energy transfers
• How does thermal insulation work?

  It reduces energy transfers by heating
• What are two ways to decrease how quickly a building cools?

  • Increase thickness of walls
  • Use materials with lower thermal conductivity
• Why does increasing wall thickness help in energy retention?

  It slows down energy transfer by conduction
• What is the effect of a material's thermal conductivity on energy transfer?

  The higher it is, the faster energy transfers
• What is an example of thermal insulation material?

  Cotton wool
• How do lubrication and thermal insulation affect energy transfers?

  They increase efficiency of useful energy transfers